Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Marianne StenrødSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Current risk assessment procedures for contaminated land and for pesticides often fail to properly characterize the risk of chemicals for environment or human health and provide only a rough estimate of the potential risk of chemicals. Chemicals often occur in mixtures in the environment, while regulatory agencies often use a chemical-by-chemical approach, focusing on a single media, a single source, and a single toxic endpoint. Further, the importance of soil microbes and their activity in the functioning of soils impose a need to include microorganisms in soil quality assessments including terrestrial ecotoxicological studies. Numerous papers have been published on the effects of different contaminants on soil microbes, establishing changes in soil microbial diversity as an indicator of soil pollution. However, only a limited number of molecular studies focus on changes in fungal species when investigating soil microbial diversity. The main objective of the study presented here, is to assess the applicability of changes in soil microbial diversity and activity levels as indicators of ecologically relevant effects of chemicals contamination. We will achieve this through studies of effects of the fungicide picoxystrobin and the chemical 4-n-nonylphenol on the microbial biodiversity in a Norwegian sandy loam, with focus both on prokaryotes and the fungal species. Laboratory incubation experiments at 20°C with soil samples treated with the single chemicals or mixtures, with continuous monitoring of respiration activity as well as occasional destructive sampling for extraction of soil DNA, RNA, and chemical residues, was performed through a 70 d period. Results from amplification of soil bacterial and fungal DNA followed by T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length) analyses to assess chemicals effects on soil microbial diversity, indicate significant effects of the studied chemicals on soil microbial community structure. To identify specific bacterial or fungal groups that are affected, an assessment of the effects of the chemicals on the soil microbial metagenome by high throughput shot-gun sequencing (454 sequencing) is in progress This work is part of the research project ‘Bioavailability and biological effects of chemicals - Novel tools in risk assessment of mixtures in agricultural and contaminated soils’ funded by the Norwegian research council.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Marianne StenrødSammendrag
Pesticides in Norwegian streams and rivers have been monitored since 1995 through JOVA - the Norwegian Agricultural Environmental Monitoring Program. During these years the regulatory authorities have implemented measures to minimize the risk for pesticides entering the water bodies. Streams and rivers in selected agricultural drainage basins in intensively cropped areas have been sampled (volume proportional mixed samples and/or point samples) through the period withoutsoil frost and analysed for pesticide residues. Trend analyses of the monitoring data have been done to establish whether there have been reductions in the retrieval of pesticides. The indicators used include: (1) Frequency of pesticides detection, (2) Sum concentration of all individual pesticides in each sample, (3) Environmental risk by weighing the concentration of each pesticide against the environmental maximum residue limits (MRL). Monitoring results and trend analyses for the time period 1995-2010 will be presented at the conference. Preliminary interpretations of the results indicate that developments in streams and rivers show both positive and negative trends regarding the different parameters studied. Through the monitoring period there have been shifts in the trends in some of the drainage basins, from an initial positive trend to a slightly negative trend. None of the study areas do however show an increase in pesticide loads to rivers and streams, which is good considering the increase in number of pesticides analysed for and the reduction in detection levels. In total, the monitoring results indicate reduced pesticide loads, but variations in climatic conditions govern the use and retrieval of pesticides.
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Apple proliferation (AP), Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, is listed as a quarantine diseasein Norway. Until 1996 it was never reported in the country. A national survey inthe years 1996 and 1997 revealed 14 diseased trees in orchards throughout the country.In September 2010, however, a new more serious outbreak of AP occurred in the countyof Sogn og Fjordane. This has led to new surveys and a new focus on this diseasein Norway.
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag