Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Glenn P. Svensson Hanh Huynh Ann-Kristin Isaksson Line Beate Lersveen Myhre Christer Löfstedt Sigrid Mogan Elisabeth Öberg Marja Rantanen Nina Trandem Olle AnderbrantSammendrag
The currant bud moth, Euhyponomeutoides albithoracellus, the currant shoot borer, Lampronia capitella and the currant clearwing, Synanthedon tipuliformis, are destructive pests on currants in the Nordic countries, but detailed information about their relative abundance in commercial crop fields is lacking. We used pheromone-baited monitoring traps to analyse the presence and flight period of the three species in 28 commercial black currant fields in Finland, Norway and Sweden during 4 years. We also estimated moth-induced damage in the same fields and analysed within- and between-generation relationships of catches and damage to find patterns to predict current and future pest pressures. At least two of the species were found at all sites. The shoot borer was the most widespread and abundant species, followed by the clearwing, which was relatively common at all sites except in northern Sweden, whereas the bud moth was not detected at all in Norway and southern Sweden. Geographic variation in flight phenology was observed for both the shoot borer and the clearwing. We found a significant positive correlation in all between-year analyses of damage and in most between-year analyses of catches, but a less consistent pattern when relating catches to damage within and between generations. Combining catch and damage data may be a useful tool to predict future overall infestation levels of the three pests in black currant fields in the Nordic countries.
Forfattere
Zahra Bitarafan Melissa Magerøy Rafael de Andrade Moral Najmeh Salehan Kristian Schmidt Nielsen Christian AndreasenSammendrag
Atmospheric CO2 concentrations and temperatures have significantly increased, accompanied by substantial changes in precipitation patterns. These changes are anticipated to intensify in the future. In Nordic regions, increasing temperatures can improve growing conditions for some crops by extending the growing season and expanding cultivation northward. Climate changes may also favour some weed species, potentially reducing crop yield and affecting herbicide efficacy. To assess glyphosate efficacy under future climate conditions, we conducted two dose-response experiments on barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli- C4 plant), oilseed rape (Brassica napus- C3 plant) and wild oat (Avena fatua- C3 plant). Plants were grown under ambient conditions (400 ppm CO2 at 18/12 °C (day/night)) and predicted future conditions (800 ppm CO2 at 20.5/14.5 °C (day/night)). Glyphosate was applied at 3–4 − leaf−stage in doses of 0, 8.75, 17.5, 35, 70, 140, 420, 1260, and 2520 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha−1, with the highest dose only included in the second experiment. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured 48 h after spraying. Two days after spraying, oilseed rape exhibited stress symptoms under both growing conditions, while barnyard grass showed symptoms only under future conditions and doses exceeding 6 g a.i. ha−1. Plants were harvested 72 h after spraying for transcriptome analysis and two weeks after spraying to determine dry weight, C%, N% and C/N ratio. The ED50 and ED90 values did not significantly differ between the two environments for each grass species. However, oilseed rape required significantly higher glyphosate doses to reduce dry weight by 50 and 90 % at ambient growing conditions, likely due to the faster translocation of glyphosate. This suggests that glyphosate doses can be reduced in a warmer climate with an elevated CO2 level. No apparent differences in the C%, N%, or C/N ratio were observed between environments for any species. Transcriptome analysis indicated that all species respond differently to glyphosate and climate change.
Sammendrag
The rising impact of the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) on Europe's forests is becoming a major concern, with climate change intensifying the problem. This situation has sparked discussion across Europe about adopting new, adaptive forest management strategies to mitigate the economic impacts on the forestry sector. Despite this, some regions have yet to fully embrace long-term strategies against bark beetle outbreaks from a climate change perspective. In our study, we examined the effects of integrating bark beetle risk into forest management strategies, considering both current and future climate change scenarios. Our findings indicate that reducing rotation length of low density stands with a high proportion of Norway Spruce situated in more productive sites yields substantial economic advantages. Particularly, regions with a history of bark beetle outbreaks, like Vestfold in Norway, stand to gain significantly from early harvesting. The economic gain from harvesting earlier in this region is projected to increase nearly tenfold over the next 50 years under climate change scenarios. Additionally, we recommend considering the use of mixed tree species within forests as another adaptation strategy, to enhance forest resilience against bark beetle infestations and other natural disturbances.
Forfattere
Zahra Bitarafan Wiktoria Kaczmarek-Derda Therese With Berge Inger Sundheim Fløistad Christian AndreasenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Carey Donald Gunnhild Jaastad Marianne Hauglid Flågeng Sylvain Alain Yves Merel Josef Rasinger Marc HG Berntssen Ikram BelghitSammendrag
Insect farming is gaining increasing attention because of the ability of insects to upscale a variety of waste and by-product biomass efficiently into proteins and lipids. In the European Union and in Norway, the use of insects is permitted in formulated pig, poultry, and fish feeds and more recently for human consumption. However, the European Food Safety Authority has highlighted the lack of data regarding the safety of processing pesticide-contaminated biomass by insects into feed or food products. Secondly, the presence of insecticide residues in plant biomass might negatively affect the growth or survival of the insects themselves. This study aimed to evaluate the fate of the insecticide pirimiphos-methyl (PM) in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, BSF) and yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor, YMW) larvae composting. PM is a dominant pesticide found in relevant insect biomasses. Newly hatched larvae were fed on a standard poultry feed substrate spiked with pirimiphos-methyl at different concentrations: 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg (wet base), under optimal breeding conditions. Poultry feed substrate spiked with methanol served as control group. When the feeding media were spiked with 20 and 40 mg/kg of PM, the survival of both BSF and YMW larvae decreased. Mean larvae mass for both species was reduced with increasing concentrations of PM. PM and 7 compounds were identified in a metabolites/transformation product screen that was aided by in silico predictions. One compound, dihydroxy-PM was uniquely detected in larvae. Neither insect species appears to accumulate PM metabolites, and 90% of PM was metabolised. Results indicate that these insects can be reared on PM-contaminated biomass without risk of PM accumulation.
Forfattere
Jarkko Hantula Malin Elfstrand Anne-Maarit Hekkala Ari Hietala Juha Honkaniemi Maartje Klapwijk Matti Koivula Juho Matala Jonas Rönnberg Juha Siitonen Fredrik WidemoSammendrag
• Heterobasidion root and butt rot pose a greater risk in continuous cover forestry (CCF) than in rotation forestry (RF) in conifer-dominated forests, regardless of whether selective, gap or shelterwood cutting is used. • Damage from wind, snow, spruce bark beetle, and large pine weevil are likely to be less severe in CCF than in RF. However, the conversion of RF to CCF may briefly expose stands to windthrow. • Browsing by large herbivores on saplings may limit regeneration of tree species other than spruce in continuous cover forestry and reduce tree species diversity, but alternative silvicultural practices may also increase forage availability in the field and shrub layer. Browsing damage outcomes for saplings in CCF are difficult to predict. • For many types of damage in CCF, substantial knowledge gaps complicate the assessment of damage risk.
Forfattere
Alexey Mikaberidze C. D. Cruz Ayalsew Zerihun Abel Barreto Pieter Beck Rocío Calderón Carlos Camino Rebecca E. Campbell Stephanie Delalieux Frederic Fabre Elin Falla Stuart Fraser Kaitlin Gold Carlos Gongora-Canul Frédéric Hamelin Dalphy Ondine Camira Harteveld Cheng-Fang Hong Melen Leclerc Da-Young Lee Murillo Lobo Jr Anne-Katrin Mahlein Emily McLay Paul Melloy Stephen Parnell Uwe Rascher Jack Rich Irene Salotti Samuel Soubeyrand Susan Sprague Antony Surano Sandhya Takooree Thomas H. Taylor Suzanne Touzeau Pablo Zarco-Tejada Nik CunniffeSammendrag
Plant diseases impair the yield and quality of crops and threaten the health of natural plant communities. Epidemiological models can predict disease and inform management. However, data are scarce, because traditional methods to measure plant diseases are resource intensive, which often limits model performance. Optical sensing offers a methodology to acquire detailed data on plant diseases across various spatial and temporal scales. Key technologies include multispectral, hyperspectral, and thermal imaging, as well as light detection and ranging; the associated sensors can be installed on ground-based platforms, uncrewed aerial vehicles, airplanes, and satellites. However, despite enormous potential for synergy, optical sensing and epidemiological modeling have rarely been integrated. To address this gap, we first review the state of the art to develop a common language accessible to both research communities. We then explore the opportunities and challenges in combining optical sensing with epidemiological modeling. We discuss how optical sensing can inform epidemiological modeling by improving model selection and parameterization and providing accurate maps of host plants. Epidemiological modeling can inform optical sensing by boosting measurement accuracy, improving data interpretation, and optimizing sensor deployment. We consider outstanding challenges in (A) identifying particular diseases; (B) data availability, quality, and resolution; (C) linking optical sensing and epidemiological modeling; and (D) emerging diseases. We conclude with recommendations to motivate and shape research and practice in both fields. Among other suggestions, we propose standardizing methods and protocols for optical sensing of plant health and developing open access databases including both optical sensing data and epidemiological models to foster cross-disciplinary work.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Stian FolvikSammendrag
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Forfattere
Frank Thomas Ndjomatchoua Richard Olaf James Hamilton Stutt Ritter Atoundem Guimapi Luca Rossini Christopher A GilliganSammendrag
Empirical field data and simulation models are often used separately to monitor and analyse the dynamics of insect pest populations over time. Greater insight may be achieved when field data are used directly to parametrize population dynamic models. In this paper, we use a differential evolution algorithm to integrate mechanistic physiologicalbased population models and monitoring data to estimate the population density and the physiological age of the first cohort at the start of the field monitoring. We introduce an ad hoc temperature-driven life-cycle model of Bemisia tabaci in conjunction with field monitoring data. The likely date of local whitefly invasion is estimated, with a subsequent improvement of the model’s predictive accuracy. The method allows computation of the likely date of the first field incursion by the pest and demonstrates that the initial physiological age somewhat neglected in prior studies can improve the accuracy of model simulations. Given the increasing availability of monitoring data and models describing terrestrial arthropods, the integration of monitoring data and simulation models to improve model prediction and pioneer invasion date estimate will lead to better decision-making in pest management.