Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Björn Ringselle Trond Børresen Anneli Lundkvist Kjell Mangerud Øystein Skagestad Torfinn Torp Theo Verwijst Lars Olav BrandsæterSammendrag
It is essential to reduce pesticide and tillage use in agricultural systems, but better alternatives for controlling perennial weeds are needed. The horizontal and vertical root cutters can fragment the roots and rhizomes of perennial weeds with minimal disturbance to the soil and vegetation cover. However, there is a lack of studies on how the root cutters affect multiple perennial weed species, and their effect on soil and nutrient losses. To fill this gap, three multi-year experiments in plowed systems were conducted in Norway and Sweden to study whether the roots cutters can control multiple perennial weed species as effectively as more intensive tillage methods (Experiments 1-2), without increasing soil and nutrient losses (Experiment 3). Overall, the more intensive tillage methods tested (rotary tiller, disc harrow, stubble harrow) did not provide significantly better perennial weed control than the horizontal root cutter. In Experiment 1, the horizontal root cutter reduced Sonchus arvensis and Elymus repens shoot biomass by 52% and 80%, respectively, compared to an untreated control. In Experiment 2, the horizontal root cutter reduced Cirsium arvense shoot numbers by 71% compared to the untreated control but failed to reduce E. repens . Horizontal root cutter treatment depth (7 vs. 15 cm) did not affect control efficacy. The horizontal root cutter treatment did not increase soil, water or nutrient losses compared to the untreated control, and resulted in 60% less soil and 52% less phosphorous losses than disc harrowing. Treatments with the vertical root cutter had 40% less E. repens and 22% less S. arvensis shoot biomass than treatments without the vertical root cutter. This manuscript is the first to show the true potential of the root cutters in plowed systems in northern Europe and their ability to control of multiple perennial weed species with low risk of soil and nutrient losses.
Forfattere
Kristian Hansen Benedikte Watne Oliver Zahra Bitarafan Inger Sundheim Fløistad Christian Andreasen Lars Olav BrandsæterSammendrag
Background: Giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier and Levier) is a perennial herbaceous plant that can grow to a height of 2-5 m. A single flowering plant can produce more than 20,000 seeds. It is one of Europe’s most widespread and problematic invasive alien species and a severe threat to native biodiversity. Glyphosate is widely used to control H. mantegazzianum. Decades of intensive herbicide spraying have led to environmental pollution, prompting a need to explore new methods to supplement or replace glyphosate. Objective: Non-chemical methods to control H. mantegazzianum were tested and compared with glyphosate application. Methods: In two infested locations in southeast Norway, we compared the efficacy of glyphosate applications with a combination of mechanical cutting of the flowering stem of H. mantegazzianum and hot water treatment (80 °C). Hot water or glyphosate was supplied by foliar application or injection into the root crown. Results: The best method to reduce cover and the number of H. mantegazzianum rosettes and seedlings was achieved with two foliar applications of glyphosate. Cutting the flowering stem and injecting hot water into the root crown was almost as efficient as glyphosate application. Cutting and foliar applications of hot water had the weakest efficacy. Despite the best control and significant growth of grasses after glyphosate treatment, relatively high percentage of bare soil remained in the plots afterwards, increasing the risk of erosion. Conclusions: Cutting and injection of hot water in the root crown may be a viable alternative to glyphosate application in areas where herbicides are undesirable.
Forfattere
Theresa WeiglSammendrag
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Forfattere
Belachew Asalf TadesseSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Det er behov for å utvikle mer kunnskap om hvorvidt og i hvilken grad plantehelsa i korn dyrket under en regenerativ dyrkingspraksis under norske forhold, skiller seg fra plantehelsa i korn fra skifter med en mer konvensjonell dyrkingspraksis. I prosjektet «REKORN» ønsker vi å sammenlikne plantehelsa i korn fra skifter dyrket med ulike dyrkingsmetoder som benyttes innen regenerativt landbruk.
Sammendrag
Angrep av plantepatogene sopp og nematoder kan redusere avling og kvalitet av norskdyrket korn. Soppsjukdommer i korn kan til en viss grad bekjempes ved bruk av soppmidler (fungicider) men ingen kjemiske midler er godkjente mot nematoder i Norge. Vi har analysert innhold av glukosinolater og isotiocyanater i røtter og blader fra 12 ulike korsblomstra vekster. Noen av de korsblomstra vekstene produserte spesifikke kjemiske forbindelser (allyl-isotiocyanat) som i våre forsøk viste seg å kunne hemme vekst av plantepatogene sopp og nematoder som forekommer i korn. Vi observerte redusert overlevelse av sopp på kornrester i jord etter innblanding av oppkutta blader fra korsblomstra vekster i jorda (veksthusforsøk). Vi påviste derimot ikke noen effekt på overlevelse av nematoder (egg) i jord. Vi ønsker videre å studere overlevelse av sopp og nematoder i jord/halmrester i feltforsøk med utvalgte korsblomstra vekster som fangvekst/ettervekst i korn (i potensielle fremtidige prosjekt)
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Zhibo HamborgSammendrag
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Forfattere
Zhibo HamborgSammendrag
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