Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Forfattere
Unni Abrahamsen Belachew Asalf Tadesse Andrea Ficke Vinh Hong Le Berit Nordskog Gunnhild Jaastad Annette Folkedal Schjøll Arne Stensvand John Ingar ØverlandSammendrag
I denne rapporten presenteres resultater fra biologisk veiledningsprøving av soppmidler i jordbær, bringebær, hvete, setteløk, gulrot og gran i skogplanteskoler. Det er også presentert et forsøk med skadedyrmidler mot bladlus i erter til konserves. I tillegg er det rapportert et forsøk med kairomonfeller mot skadedyr i eple.
2017
Sammendrag
Forbruket av økologisk mat har økt jevnt i Norge fra 2011 til 2016, mens det økologiske arealet har blitt redusert i samme periode. NIBIO som er en viktig leverandør for kunnskap om økologisk landbruk fikk i Statsbudsjettet for 2016 tildelt kunnskapsutviklingsmidler fra Landbruks- og matdepartementet som var øremerka til å "videreutvikle forskningsbasert kunnskap om økologisk landbruk". Arbeidet med å kartlegge status, flaskehalser og kunnskapsbehovet i de ulike produksjonene er basert på en gjennomgang av relevante prosjekter, rapporter og intervjuer med fagpersoner. De foreslåtte temaene for FoU-aktiviteter må anses som veiledende, og er ment som inspirasjon ved utvikling av nye prosjekter innen økologisk landbruk......
Forfattere
Line Johansen Annette Bär Sølvi Wehn Sigrun Aune Conrad Blanck Hans Blom Kristin Daugstad Gunnar Engan Synnøve Grenne Jørn-Frode Nordbakken Pål ThorvaldsenSammendrag
NIBIO har på oppdrag fra Miljødirektoratet testet en ny metodikk utviklet for kartlegging og verdisetting av naturtyper av nasjonal forvaltningsinteresse (NNF). 39 ruter a 500x500 meter ble kartlagt sommeren 2017 og 33 naturtyper ble registrert fordelt på 130 lokaliteter. Evaluering av metodikken er basert på resultater fra denne kartleggingen. Metodikken er evaluert generelt og for hvert hovedøkosystem (naturlige åpne områder i lavlandet, semi-naturlig mark, skog og våtmark) og naturtype.
Forfattere
Anne Kjersti Bakken Kristin Daugstad Astrid Johansen Anne-Grete Roer Hjelkrem Gustav Fystro Anders Hammer Strømman Audun KorsæthSammendrag
The aim of the study was to explore whether and how intensification would contribute to more environmentally friendly dairy production in Norway. Three typical farms were envisaged, representing intensive production strategies with regard to milk yield both per cow and per hectare in the three most important regions for dairy production in Norway. The scores on six impact categories for produced milk and meat were compared with corresponding scores obtained with a medium production intensity at a base case farm. Further, six scenario farms were derived from the base case. They were either intensified or made more extensive with regard to management practices that were likely to be varied and implemented under northern temperate conditions. The practices covered the proportion and composition of concentrates in animal diets and the production and feeding of forages with different energy concentration. Processes from cradle to farm gate were incorporated in the assessments, including on-farm activities, capital goods, machinery and production inputs. Compared to milk produced in a base case with an annual yield of 7250 kg energy corrected milk (ECM) per cow, milk from farms with yields of 9000 kg ECM or higher, scored better in terms of global warming potential (GWP). The milk from intensive farms scored more favourably also for terrestrial acidification (TA), fossil depletion (FD) and freshwater eutrophication (FE). However, this was not in all cases directly related to animal yield, but rather to lower burden from forage production. Production of high yields of energy-rich forage contributed substantially to the better scores on farms with higher-yielding animals. The ranking of farms according to score on agricultural land occupation (ALO) depended upon assumptions set for land use in the production of concentrate ingredients. When the Ecoinvent procedure of weighting according to the length of the cropping period was applied, milk and meat produced on diets with a high proportion of concentrates, scored better than milk and meat based on a diet dominated by forages. With regards to terrestrial ecotoxicity (TE), the score was mainly a function of the amount of concentrates fed per functional unit produced, and not of animal yield per se. Overall, the results indicated that an intensification of dairy production by means of higher yields per animal would contribute to more environment-friendly production. For GWP this was also the case when higher yields per head also resulted in higher milk yields and higher N inputs per area of land.
Forfattere
Tomas Persson Mats Höglind Sigridur Dalmannsdottir Marit Jørgensen Odd Arne Rognli Liv ØstremSammendrag
KORT OM KLIMAFRAMSKRIVNINGER I NORGE. Klimaet i Norge er i endring og klimaframskrivinger fram mot 2100 viser økende middeltemperatur og nedbør stort sett over hele Norge. Temperaturøkningen er forventet størst nord i landet og større om vinteren enn om sommeren. Årsnedbøren vil også øke mest i nord. I tillegg vil variasjonen i både temperatur og nedbør øke framover, og dette gir økt risiko for ekstremvær. Nedbørsendringen mellom årstider varierer mye mellom de ulike klimaframskrivningene...
Forfattere
Håvard Steinshamn Mats Höglind Marit Jørgensen Åshild Taksdal Randby Lars Nesheim Anne Kjersti BakkenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Håvard Steinshamn Mats Höglind Marit Jørgensen Åshild Taksdal Randby Lars Nesheim Anne Kjersti BakkenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne Kjersti Bakken Trond Børresen Ragnvald Gramstad Atle Haugnes Mats Höglind Astrid Johansen Geir Paulsen Einar Strand Anne Kjersti Uhlen Lillian Øygarden Wendy Marie WaalenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Today’s modern precision agriculture applications have a huge demand for data with high spatial and temporal resolution. This leads to the need of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) as sensor platforms providing both, easy use and a high area coverage. This study shows the successful development of a prototype hybrid UAV for practical applications in precision agriculture. The UAV consists of an off-the-shelf fixed-wing fuselage, which has been enhanced with multi-rotor functionality. It was programmed to perform pre-defined waypoint missions completely autonomously, including vertical take-off, horizontal flight, and vertical landing. The UAV was tested for its return-to-home (RTH) accuracy, power consumption and general flight performance at different wind speeds. The RTH accuracy was 43.7 cm in average, with a root-mean-square error of 39.9 cm. The power consumption raised with an increase in wind speed. An extrapolation of the analysed power consumption to conditions without wind resulted in an estimated 40 km travel range, when we assumed a 25 % safety margin of remaining battery capacity. This translates to a maximal area coverage of 300 ha for a scenario with 18 m/s airspeed, 50 minutes flight time, 120 m AGL altitude, and a desired 70 % of image side-lap and 85 % forward-lap. The ground sample distance with an in-built RGB camera was 3.5 cm, which we consider sufficient for farm-scale mapping missions for most precision agriculture applications.
Forfattere
Peter Martin Sigridur Dalmannsdottir Jens Ivan í Gerdinum Hilde Halland Jonatan Hermannsson Vanessa Kavanagh Katrin MacKenzie Olafur Reykdal Joanne Russell Saemundur Sveinsson Mette Thomsen John WishartSammendrag
Although grass dominates most agricultural systems in the North Atlantic region (NAR), spring barley is the most important cereal and is used for animal feed and food and drink products. Recent changes in climate have resulted in warmer conditions across the NAR which have major implications for crop production. In this paper, we investigate the thermal requirement of spring barley in the region and use the results to examine the effects of recent trends in temperature and rainfall on barley cultivation, based on 11 regional meteorological sites. At these sites, between 1975 and 2015, we found significant warming trends for several months of the cropping season and significant trends for increases in the cropping season degree days (CSDD). In recent years, this has resulted in an increased proportion of years when the estimated minimum thermal requirement for barley has been met at sites above about 60°N. However, annual variations in CSDD are large and years still occur at these sites where this is insufficient. While warming could potentially allow an earlier start and later end to the cropping season, it is likely that high rainfall at maritime sites, and low rainfall at continental sites, will limit the ability of growers to benefit from this. Warming is considered to have been one of the main factors contributing to the large expansion of the area of barley cultivated in Iceland since the 1990s.