Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Sammendrag
Denne rapporten gir en oversikt over klimatiltak i planteproduksjoner som enten kan redusere utslipp av klimagasser eller øke karboninnholdet i jord. Den gir oversikt over tiltak som bla. drenering, gjødsling, kalking, husdyrgjødseltiltak, åkerbelgvekster, kløver i eng, presisjonsjordbruk, fangvekster, biokull. I prosjektet- finansiert fra Forskningmidler for jordbruk og matindustri- er det også utarbeidet en delrapport om klimatiltak i husdyrproduksjonen (Aass mfl., 2024) og en delrapport om sammenheng ellom klimatiltak, klimatilpasning, klimarisiko og matsikkerhet (Bardalen, 2024). De utgjør til sammen et oppdatert kunnskapsgrunnlag om klimatiltak i plante og husdyrproduksjoner. Se utvidet sammendrag i rapporten.
Sammendrag
Manures are potentially both a source of nutrients for plants and a source of pollution. Manure produced depends on animal densities and type rather than plants need. Over time, this has enriched soils with P and organic N. The challenge is maximal nutrient recycling and minimal pollution from the manure used for plant production. To investigate the optimal seasonal distribution of manure, field experiments were carried out in 2022 and 2023 on grassland in three agricultural regions in Norway. Three distributions of cattle slurry at 30 kg P ha–1 were tested, with or without additional N fertilizer. These were compared with control treatments without slurry: no fertilizer, and compound NPK and NK fertilizers. Different distributions had little effect on grass yield and uptake of P and N. Applying a larger proportion of manure in spring increased grass yield, while additional mineral N fertilizer significantly increased yield but reduced N use efficiency. Slurry alone gave a P surplus, while added mineral N fertilizer allowed a net mining of P. There seems therefore to be a trade-off regarding whether the efficient use of N or P is to be prioritized. The decision should likely depend on required yields as well as local pollution risks.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The chilling requirements of ‘Junifer’, ‘Rovada’ and ‘Red Dutch’ red currants and ‘Mucurines’ and ‘Pax’ gooseberries were studied under controlled environment conditions. Field grown single-stem potted plants were chilled at 0°C from October 15 for 0 to 20 weeks and forced in a lighted greenhouse at 20°C and 18 h photoperiod for 60 days for recording of budbreak and flowering. None of the red currant plants were able to break without chilling, while the number of breaking buds increased linearly with more than four weeks of chilling, and fastest so in ‘Junifer’. ‘Red Dutch’ proved to have a particularly deep and stable dormancy. Comparable but markedly lower chilling requirements were found in the two gooseberry cultivars. While more than 20 weeks of chilling were required for full dormancy release in the red currant cultivars, 16 to 20 weeks were adequate for the ‘Mucurines’ and ‘Pax’ gooseberries, respectively. This compares with a chilling need of 14 weeks at 0°C previously found for most commercial black currant cultivars under the same conditions. The results also confirm that, as previously demonstrated for black currants, flower development requires more chilling than bud break itself also in red currants and gooseberries. This highlights the need for extended chilling of the plants before the plants are set to forcing in modern tunnel production. We also conclude that the red currant cultivar ‘Rovada’ with its large berry trusses seems particularly well suited for tunnel production.
Sammendrag
We studied the environmental control of shoot growth and floral initiation in annual shoot plants of four red currant cultivars under phytotron conditions. Under natural day length conditions at Ås, Norway (69°40’N), the cultivars ‘Junifer’, ‘Red Dutch’, and ‘Rosetta’ ceased growing and initiated irregular flower formation at 24 and 18°C in late August, indicating a critical photoperiod of approximately 15 h. At 12°C and under outdoor conditions, the processes were delayed by 3-6 weeks depending on the cultivar, indicating a critical photoperiod of approximately 14 h under Nordic field conditions. In 10-h short day (SD), the cultivars ‘Junifer’, ‘Red Dutch’ and ‘Rovada’ ceased growing within 2-3 weeks at 18 and 24°C and within 2-4 weeks at 12°C, followed by irregular floral initiation. However, in 20-h long day (LD), flower initiation was generally scarce, and with contrasting temperature responses among the cultivars, flower initiation was advanced by low temperature in ‘Red Dutch’ and by high temperature in ‘Rovada’ and ‘Junifer’. Flowering performance in the following spring confirmed these results, which demonstrate that red currants are quantitative SD plants with diverse temperature and photoperiod interactions.
Sammendrag
10 solbærsorter ble plantet i et feltforsøk på NIBIO Apelsvoll i 2017, og vekst, avling, bladsykdommer, blomstring- og høstetidspunkt og innholdsstoff i bæra ble registrert i åra 2019-2022. Sortene ble i 2016 valgt ut som lovende enten til industriformål, eller til friskkonsum av ‘Sortsgruppe Ribes’ som består av representanter fra dyrking, planteproduksjon, rådgiving og forskning. Sortene/seleksjonen var: ‘Ben Tron’ (referansesort), ‘Ben Hope’, ‘Ben Tirran’, JHI 9163-5, ‘Augustus’, ‘Gjest’, ‘Joniniai’, ‘Almiai’, ‘Tihope’ og ‘Mortti’. Dato for blomstring og høstemodne bær, vinterskade, vokseform, bladsykdommer, plantevolum, avling, klase- og bærstørrelse, kartfall og bærkvalitet ble registrert årlig. Sortene ‘Ben Tron’, JHI 9163-5, ‘Augustus’ og ‘Mortti’ er valgt ut i samarbeid med NLR og dyrkere til å testes videre i storskalafelt for industriformål hos dyrkere. ‘Almiai’ blir testet videre i et dyrkingssystem (espalier) for friskkonsum-formål. Disse sortene har også et godt potensial for å dyrkes økologisk.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Foredrag – Sortstesting og langskudd i bringebær
Anita Sønsteby, Mirjana Sadojevic, Stanislav Strbac
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Growth and flower bud initiation (FBI) were studied in single-stem plants of four biennial-fruiting cultivars in a controlled environment and under field conditions at 60°40′ N. Shoot growth varied widely among the cultivars but was significantly enhanced by high temperature (20 °C) in all cultivars, whereas photoperiod had a subordinate growth effect. FBI data from bud dissection after 6 weeks of cultivation in the phytotron were used to calculate FBI indices for the various cultivars and environment conditions. The indices also varied much among the cultivars but were enhanced by elevated temperature, being highest in ‘Natchez’ and ‘Sweet Royalla’, while ‘Natchez’ was the only cultivar in which FBI was significantly enhanced by short days. The non-vigorous and erect growing ‘Ouachita’ remained vegetative at both temperatures but flowered in spring after overwintering at 0.5 °C. The field experiment confirmed the superior growth vigor of ‘Loch Ness’ and ‘Sweet Royalla’ as well as the photoperiodic sensitivity of ‘Natchez’. The results also confirmed that floral initiation starts in lateral buds located 10–20 nodes below the apex, and from there it progresses in both acropetal and basipetal direction. We conclude that temperature is at least as important as the photoperiod for the control of FBI in biennial-fruiting blackberries.