Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Sammendrag
Flashiness indeks og base flow indeks ble beregnet for Austenaa og Flaksvatn, to målestasjoner på sørlandet. For Austenaa var det en nedgang i flashiness index men base flow indeks økte over tid. For Flaksvatn var endringer mindre synlig.
Forfattere
Ove BergersenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Despite the fact that creosote mainly consists of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), more polar compounds like phenolics, benzenes and N-, S-, O-heterocyclics dominate the groundwater downstream from creosote-contaminated sites. In this study, bioassay-directed fractionation, combined with fullscan GC-MS, identified organic toxicants in creosote-contaminated groundwater. An organic extract of creosote-contaminated groundwater was fractionised on a polar silica column using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the toxicity of the fractions was measured by the Microtox®-bioassay. PAHs, which comprise up to 85% of pure creosote, accounted for only about 13% of total toxicity in the creosote-contaminated groundwater, while methylated benzenes, phenolics and N-heterocyclics accounted for ca. 80% of the measured toxicity. The fraction containing alkylated quinolines was the most toxic single fraction, accounting for 26% of the total measured toxicity. The results imply that focus on PAHs may underestimate risks associated with creosote-contaminated groundwater, and that environmental risk assessment should focus to a higher degree on substituted PAHs and phenolics because they are more toxic than the unsubstituted ones. Additionally, benzenes and N-heterocyclics (e.g. alkylated quinolines) should be assessed.
Forfattere
Kjell Andreassen Volkmar Timmermann Nicholas Clarke Ingvald Røsberg Halvor Solheim Wenche AasSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
In the context of an ongoing project on REMote sensing of FORest health (REM-FOR), we analyze airborne high-resolution hyperspectral images of a pine-dominated region in southeast Norway heavily attacked by the Pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer, leading to severe defoliation. Leaf Area Index (LAI) is used as a proxy of the crown density, and comparing LAI maps from before and after the attack lead to indicators for damage extent. We discuss the application of the Forest Reflectance Model (FRT) of Kuusk and Nilson, which was designed for the application to (managed) Northern European Forests, to model the spectral response from the canopy. It is based on conventional forest inventory data, species-dependent parametrized crown shapes, canopy LAI, needle clumping index, and needle optical properties. Here, however, we run the model in an inverse mode, by iteratively minimizing the discrepancy between measured and simulated reflectances, and predicting the LAI, keeping known parameters of the model fixed. The LAI values are then compared to those obtained with either ground-based Licor LAI2000 measurements, or with airborne laser-scanning. Some preliminary results of this modelling concept for the case study are discussed.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Inge Stupak Antti Asikainen M. Jonsell Erik Karltun Anders Lunnan D. Mizaraite K. Pasanen H. Pärn Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen Dominik Röser M. Schröder I. Varnagiryte L. Vilkriste Ingeborg Callesen Nicholas Clarke Talis Gaitnieks Morten Ingerslev M. Mandre R. Ozolincius Anna Saarsalmi Kestutis Armolaitis Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari A. Indriksons L. Kairiukstis K. Katzensteiner Mikko Kukkola K. Ots Hans Peter Ravn Pekka TamminenSammendrag
The substitution of biomass for fossils fuels in energy consumption is a measure to mitigate global warming, as well as having other advantages. Political action plans for increased use exist at both European and national levels. This paper briefly reviews the contents of recommendations, guidelines and other synthesis publications on sustainable use of forest biomass for energy. Topics are listed and an overview of advantages, disadvantages and trade-offs between them is given, from the viewpoint of society in general and the forestry and energy sectors in particular. For the Nordic and Baltic countries, the paper also identifies the extent to which wood for energy is included in forest legislation and forest certification standards under the “Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification” (PEFC) and the “Forest Stewardship Council” (FSC) schemes. Energy and forest policies at EU and national levels, and European PEFC forest standards are analysed. With respect to energy policies, the utilisation of wood for energy is generally supported in forest policies, but forest legislation is seldom used as a direct tool to encourage the utilisation of wood for energy. Regulations sometimes restrict use for environmental reasons. Forest certification standards include indicators directly related to the utilisation of wood for energy under several criteria, with most occurrences found under environmental criteria. Roles and problems in relation to policy, legislation, certification standards, recommendations and guidelines, and science are discussed.