Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Forfattere
Anne-Grete Buseth Blankenberg Ketil Haarstad Anne-Kristine SøvikSammendrag
Agricultural runoff contributes with significant amounts of nitrogen (N) to rivers and lakes causing water quality problems. Constructed wetlands (CWs) in first- and second order streams reduce downstream loading of nutrients through mechanisms such as sedimentation, uptake by vegetation and microbial denitrification. (A stream with no tributaries (headwater stream) is considered a first order stream. A segment downstream of the confluence of two first order streams is a second order stream [1]). Norwegian CWs are often too small to easily achieve high N-retention. It is therefore important to improve and optimize the N-retention processes in the CWs where the CW area cannot be increased due to local restrictions. The main aim of this project was to compare N-retention in an experimental wetland including eight different types of organic and mineral CW-filters, one of which was a standard Norwegian CW (depth 0.5 m). The average total-N retention through the experimental wetland was 17 % for the period of May-September in 2003, but only 2% in the same period in 2004. Converted to mass, the retention in 2003 was 168 kg and 26 kg in 2004. Lower retention in 2004 was probably mainly caused by higher hydraulic load that year. The organic filters performed better than the mineral filters and the standard CW.
Forfattere
Ketil Haarstad Petter SnilsbergSammendrag
Sigevannet ved Oksrud og Paddetjern er overvåket ved å ta stikkprøver nedstrøms deponiene. Utslippsmengder er anslått med bakgrunn i vurderinger av gjennomsnittsverdier for avrenningen. Det er særlig fenoler, PAH, Fe, Cd og Zn som øker tildels kraftig nedstrøms deponiet ved Paddetjern. Det er tildels høye konsentrasjoner av tungmetallene Zn, Ni og Cd i kilden ved deponiet Oksrud. Det er en klar forbedring av vannkvaliteten ved kilden lenger nedstrøms, men konsentrasjonen både av Zn og særlig Cd er fortsatt høy. De foreslåtte tiltak ved lokalitetene anbefales gjennomført i 2007
Forfattere
Ketil HaarstadSammendrag
Sigevannet ved Esval ble i 2006 overvåket ved å ta blandprøver før og etter rensing, samt stikkprøver for utvidet analyseprogram. Rensingen av sigevann fra Esval har vært svært god i 2006, med rensegrad for alle konsesjonsparametrene >99%. Basert på totalavrenningen utgjør utslippet med sigevann om lag 1753 kg KOF, 701 kg NH4-N
Forfattere
Ketil HaarstadSammendrag
Sigevannet ved HRA ble i 2006 overvåket ved å ta stikkprøver før og etter rensing. Renseanlegget omfatter luftet lagune og sedimentering. I tillegg ble det tatt prøver av grunnvannet i 4 brønner. Brønn B6 nedstrøms er blitt ødelagt pga. isspregning. Rensingen av sigevann har vært god i 2006, med følgende rensegrader; 93 % for KOF, 50 % for Tot-N, 70 % for NH4-N og 95 % for Fe, til tross for en tilsynelatende betydelig økning i konsentrasjonene. Basert på totalavrenningen utgjør utslippet med sigevann om lag 80 t KOF, 4 t Tot-N og 700 kg Fe. Organiske miljøgifter analysert i 2006 omfatter fenoler, metylfenoler, klorfenoler og BTEX. Innholdet i renset sigevann er lavt. Sigevannet som slippes ut til infiltrering i grunnvann, har høye nivåer av N, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr og Ni. Grunnvannet under deponiet har forhøyde nivåer av Mn, Cu.
Forfattere
Anne-Grete Buseth Blankenberg Ketil Haarstad Bent C. BraskerudSammendrag
Pesticide losses to the environment are unwanted due to possible environmental and health hazards. An experimental wetland is established to study the efficiency with respect to retention of sediments, nutrients and pesticides. Pesticides were applied on an arable soil plot in the watershed. Statistical analyses were carried out on three selected pesticides; propachlor, metalaxyl and chlorfenvinfoss. All pesticides were found in the experimental wetland, with peak concenttrations shortly after spraying. In 2003 pesticide retention varied from 11% to 42% and in 2004 retention varied from 19% to 56 %. Comparing eight different wetland filters, we found that L6 and L8, with flagstones and straw, respectively, had a higher total pesticide retention than a standard Norwegian wetland (L4). When the compounds were treated separately, however, the picture was different. Statistical analyses showed that the treatments were signficantly different from zero in six of the wetlands for remowal of propachlor, for removal of metalaxyl none were significantly different, and for removal of chlorfenvinphos four treatments were significantly different. For the three compounds none of the relative treatments were significantly different from L4. Chemical properties of the pesticides could explain some of the behaviour in the watershed and in the wetland.
Sammendrag
Since the formation of the International Herbage Seed Group (IHSG, formerly IHSPRG) in 1978, International Herbage Seed Conferences have been organized, mostly at four year intervals. The Sixth Conference was held at Gjennestad Horticultural College in Vestfold, Norway, from 18 to 20 June 2007. As for other IHSG activities, the objective of the conference was ‘to encourage cooperation and communication between workers actively engaged in herbage seed production research’. About 80 delegates from 20 countries attended the conference. Four invited and almost sixty voluntary papers were presented, either orally or as posters. The topics were split into the following sessions: 1. Opening session with overview over herbage seed production and seed trade, world wide. 2. Herbage seed for the future: Biodiversity, GMOs and the role of seed yield capacity in herbage breeding programs. 3. Seed production of tropical species and species for stressful environments. 4. Physiological restraints to seed set and seed filling. 5. Establishing the potential for high and pure seed yields. 6. Fertility, plant growth regulators, and plant protection. 7. Statistical methods, seed harvest, and post-harvest issues.
Forfattere
Ketil Haarstad Petter JenssenSammendrag
En gjennomgang av verdens vannressurser og -forbruk
Forfattere
Ketil Haarstad Gro Hege LudvigsenSammendrag
Pesticides in Norwegian ground water have been monitored since 1995. Here we report data including 2004. The monitoring has focused on shallow groundwater near agricultural fields (4 locations), farm wells (22 locations) and on public water works (38 locations), 450 samples were analyzed for a total of 62 pesticide compounds and metabolites, and the result was 514 detections of single compounds. Altogether 27 pesticides and metabolites were detected; 2 insecticides, 9 fungicides and 16 herbicides. Herbicides were most frequently detected (in 79% of the samples), followed by fungicides (20%) and insecticides (1%). Pesticide concentration was generally low, although high concentrations also occurred, for example 33 "g/l of metribuzine in shallow ground water near agricultural fields, and 20 "g/l of bentazon in a farm well. Some water soluble pesticides occurred both frequently and with relatively high concentrations in shallow ground water near agricultural fields. The results show that local ground water near farms is vulnerable for contamination of pesticides and needs further monitoring. Efforts should be made to minimize contamination of wells in farming areas through education on pesticide use, monitoring and well positioning. Few pesticides were detected in ground water from water works and the concentrations were low. Monitoring of water works ended in 2002. The data show that there is a continuous need to monitor pesticides as well as selected metabolites in shallow ground water and wells near agricultural fields in Norway.
Forfattere
Arne Grønlund Tormod BriseidSammendrag
Ikke tilgjengelig
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag