Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen Inge Stupak Nicholas Clarke Ingeborg Callesen Helja-Sisko Helmisaari Erik Karltun Iveta Varnagiryte-KabasinskieneSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
A major challenge in studies on the environmental fate of nanoparticles is to detect their presence and distinguish them from natural nanoparticles and the large variety of amorphous materials present in environmental media. Neutron activation of mineral particles enables the production of radio-labelled NPs without surface modification, and enabling both localisation and quantification within a matrix or organism. The method is extremely sensitive, allowing detection at parts per billion or lower. Thus, any such labelled NP can be detected in individual fractions or compartments in soil or sediments (associated to clay, colloids, humic material, etc) or localized within organisms and their specific tissues following dissection (fish gills, digestive tract, liver, brain, etc) or by autoradiography. An added advantage of gamma-emitting radionuclides is that they do not need separation from the matrix for counting, thus uptake and extraction can be followed on live animals. Thus time-course experiments in vivo may be conducted to study metabolism and exposure, two aspects that are currently lacking in the body of ecotoxicological knowledge about ENPs. This paper will report some of the conditions, advantages and experimental opportunities of using neutron activation as a tool to study ENPs in environmental samples, with demonstration of the application of the technique in studies on Ag and Co nanoparticle uptake and metabolism in the earthworm Eisenia fetida.
Sammendrag
A major challenge in studies on the environmental fate of nanoparticles is to detect their presence and distinguish them from natural nanoparticles and the large variety of amorphous materials present in environmental media. Neutron activation of mineral particles enables the production of radio-labelled NPs without surface modification, and enabling both localisation and quantification within a matrix or organism. The method is extremely sensitive, allowing detection at parts per billion or lower. Thus, any such labelled NP can be detected in individual fractions or compartments in soil or sediments (associated to clay, colloids, humic material, etc) or localized within organisms and their specific tissues following dissection (fish gills, digestive tract, liver, brain, etc) or by autoradiography. An added advantage of gamma-emitting radionuclides is that they do not need separation from the matrix for counting, thus uptake and extraction can be followed on live animals. Thus time-course experiments in vivo may be conducted to study metabolism and exposure, two aspects that are currently lacking in the body of ecotoxicological knowledge about ENPs. This paper will report some of the conditions, advantages and experimental opportunities of using neutron activation as a tool to study ENPs in environmental samples, with demonstration of the application of the technique in studies on Ag and Co nanoparticle uptake and metabolism in the earthworm Eisenia fetida.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Adam ParuchSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Både naturbaserte vs tekniske, sentrale vs desentrale avløpsløsninger har sine fordeler og ulemper. I en valgsituasjon mellom ulike løsninger er det ofte et fåtall kriterier som ligger til grunn for valget av løsninger. Ofte ligger det mange kriterier til grunn for et valg. Ved å tydeliggjøre forskjeller mellom ulike systemer i forhold til et utvalg kriterier som er relatert til bærekraftighet som vektes i betydning så vil valgsituasjonen kunne føre til et bedre resultat i forhold til de mål som settes med et avløpssystemet. For å få belyst og skape debatt rundt tema bærekraftige VA-løsninger, har Nesodden kommune initiert et prosjekt der målet er å gi kommunen et godt grunnlag for å velge avløpsløsninger som er i tråd med kommunens ønsker og intensjoner. I prosjektet har det vært en praktisk øvelse i å vekte forhold som kan ha betydning for bærekraften. Det ble valgt ut 17 indikatorer for bærekraft. Øvelsen har blitt utført for områdene Blylaget og Bomansvik. Denne rapporten beskriver metodikken som ble benyttet og resultatene fra undersøkelsen.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
This paper discusses the monitoring network for diffuse pollution from agriculture in Estonia in the context of implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Nitrate Directive (ND). Seven surface water monitoring stations in agricultural catchments represent two out of three river basin districts designated in Estonia according to the WFD criteria. The national monitoring programme of ground water quality involves 516 stations of which about half were monitored in 2005. The monitoring sites cover all main ground water bodies in Estonia but are largely concentrated in the Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (NVZ). Analyses did not reveal any significant trends in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in studied rivers during the last 15 years except in one site. The ground water quality stabilised after decrease of nitrate concentrations in the early 1990s, especially in the south part of the NVZ, but even in 2005 the nitrate concentration exceeded 50 mg l1 in 42 out of 145 ground water samples in this region. The existing surface water quality monitoring network provides only restricted information to select between different management options when implementing action programmes for the NVZ and the river basin management plans (RBMP) under the WFD.