Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Sammendrag
Chemical methods to assess bioavailability in soil and sediment often use synthetic polymers that mimic uptake of organic compounds in organisms or microbial degradation. In this paper we have assessed a biomimetic extraction method using hydroxyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) to estimate uptake of the two insecticides alpha-cypermethrin (alpha-CYP) and chlorfen-vinphos (CFVP) in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Additionally, a novel approach was developed to estimate the efficiency of biomimetic extractions. The study revealed that HP-beta-CD is a suitable surrogate for estimating the bioaccessibility of hydrophobic chemicals in soil. If one uses a 3.5 times higher amount of HP-beta-CD than soil, effective and reproducible extractions can be achieved within 48h. At these conditions, inclusion of dissolved chemicals by HP-beta-CD mimics uptake of a given compound into earthworms and takes into account sorption-related aspects that control biological uptake. The data indicate that, with increasing hydrophobicity, the affinity of organic chemicals to HP-beta-CD does not increase to the same degree as to soil organic matter. Therefore, a high surplus of HP-beta-CD is necessary to provide a sufficient extraction capacity in biomimetic extractions.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Alpha-cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, is used as an insecticide in agricultural settings and is increasingly replacing organophosphates and carbamates because of lower application rates and lower toxicity to mammals. Because very little is known about the acute and chronic toxicity of this compound for soil-living organisms, the present study investigated acute and sublethal toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin for four terrestrial invertebrate species in an agricultural soil from Norway. Bioassays with the earthworm Eisenia fetida, the potworm Enchytraeus crypticus, the springtail Folsomia candida, and the land snail Helix aspersa were performed according to slightly modified versions of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (Paris, France) or International Organization for Standardization (Geneva, Switzerland) guidelines and resulted in median lethal concentrations of greater than >1,000 to 31.4 mg/kg and sublethal no-observed-effect concentrations of 2.51 to 82 mg/kg. A high acute to chronic ratio was found, especially in the earthworms. Interspecies differences in sensitivity may be explained by differences in exposure and differences in metabolization rate. When based on measured pore-water concentrations, terrestrial species overall appear to be approximately one order of magnitude less sensitive than aquatic species. Effect assessments conducted according to European guideline for risk assessment of pesticides reveal that assessments based on acute toxicity tests are not always conservative enough to determine environmentally safe concentrations in soil. Mandatory incorporation of sublethal toxicity data will ensure that in regions with temperate climate, the effects of pesticides on populations of soil-living organisms are unlikely.
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Oiva Niemelainen Maire Rannikko Terje Haugen Sanni Junnila Tatsiana Espevig Åge SusortSammendrag
This report presents first year results from a two year project evaluating the plant growth regulator Primo MAXX® (trineexapac-ethyl) on Nordic golf courses.
Forfattere
Tatsiana Espevig Trygve S. Aamlid Arne Tronsmo Katarina Gundsø Jensen Bjørn Molteberg Linda Hjeljord Anne Marte Tronsmo Åge Susort Frank EngerSammendrag
This is a report from the first experimental year of the project ‘VELVET GREEN - Winter hardiness and management of velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina) on putting greens in northern environments’. The report is divided into three parts, the first giving results from evaluation of winter hardiness of velvet bentgrass under controlled conditions, the second describing experimental layout and preliminary results from two field trials with fertilizer levels, thatch control methods and topdressing levels; and the third describing experimental layout and preliminary results from a lysimeter study on irrigation stategies for velvet bentgrass on greens varying in rootzone composition.
Forfattere
Roald AasenSammendrag
Forsøket var en delundersøkelse i dokumentasjonen av et nytt avløpsfritt rensekonsept for svartvann fra toalett. På campus til UMB på Ås i Norge ble det under to sommerperioder, to vintrer, en høst og en vårperiode målt fordampning av vann fra et barkbasseng plassert under en betongrampe med to åpne sidevegger. Under sommerforhold ble det målt en fordampning på fra 0,9 til 1,1 kg vann/m2 døgn når vannspeilet lå fra 0 til 10 cm under toppen av barklaget. Når vannspeilet lå dypere sank fordampningen til 0,2 og 0,13 kg vann/m2 døgn. Under vinterforhold ble fordampningen målt til 0,25 kg vann/m2 døgn. Fordampningen på vinterstid skjedde hovedsakelig i mildværsperioder hvor deler av vannet nær overflaten smeltet. For å øke fordampningen bør en større del av barken i umettet sone komme i kontakt med gjennomstrømmende luft ved at overflaten økes ved bruk av barkranker, en aerodynamisk utforming av luftstrømningskanalen over barkbassenget, utformingen av bassenget og eventuell bruk av vifter. Varmekabler kan brukes under vinterforhold for å redusere isdannelse i barkbassenget.
Forfattere
Bjørn FrantzenSammendrag
Foredrag basert på 92 slides
Forfattere
Bjørn FrantzenSammendrag
Foredrag på bakgrunn av 106 slides
Forfattere
Bjørn FrantzenSammendrag
Foredrag basert på 93 slides
Forfattere
Bjørn FrantzenSammendrag
Omhandler entusiasten Piotr Zaborchikov sine private restaureringsarbeider knyttet til gamle trebygninger i landbyen Varzuga i Terskij kommune, Murmansk fylke i Russland på sørsiden av Kolahalvøya, en pomorlandsby ved Kvitsjøens kyster. På engelsk og russisk.