Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Sigrun Hjalmarsdottir KværnøSammendrag
Rapporten presenterer kartlagt fosforstatus i jord i Vannområde Morsa i Akershus/Østfold. Vansjø-Hobølvassdraget med delfelter og Kystbekker Morsa med delområder er behandlet hver for seg. Statistiske analyser er basert på P-AL-verdi i jordprøver tatt ut i perioden 1990 – 2008. Mesteparten av dataene i Vansjø-Hobølvassdraget er samlet inn av landbrukskontorene i Morsa-kommunene, mens noen data kommer fra Jorddatabanken ved Bioforsk. Alle data for Kystbekker Morsa kommer fra Jorddatabanken. Jordprøvene er etter beste evne forsøkt stedfestet, i det minste ned på gårds- og bruksnummernivå. Prosentvis dekningsgrad av jordprøvetaking var 76 % i Vansjø-Hobølvassdraget og 65 % i Kystbekker Morsa. Variasjonsområdet for de ulike delfeltene var 50 til 93 % dekningsgrad. Arealmessig manglet det mest data i delfeltene Hobølelva (ca 11 000 daa) i Vansjø-Hobølvassdraget og Rygge (ca 7000 daa) i Kystbekker Morsa. Jordprøvene som de statistiske analysene og kartene var basert på, var hovedsakelig fra 2000-tallet, men bare 39 % var fra 2005 eller senere i Vansjø-Hobølvassdraget og tilsvarende bare 20 % i Kystbekker Morsa. P-AL i jord varierte mellom 1 og 72 mg/100 g i enkeltprøver, med en middelverdi på 10 mg/100 g for Vansjø-Hobølvassdraget (P-AL-klasse ”middels til høyt” eller 8-10 mg/100 g) og 18 mg/100 g for Kystbekker Morsa (”meget høyt” eller 15-20 mg/100 g). Delfeltene hadde middelverdier mellom 8 og 19 mg/100 g, lavest i nordlige og midtre del av Vansjø-Hobølvassdraget, og høyest rundt Vansjø og særlig i kystbekkfeltene. De tre øverste P-AL-klassene (≥ 11 mg/100 g), som motsvarer ingen P-gjødsling, utgjorde 33 % i Vansjø-Hobølvassdraget og 81 % i Kystbekker Morsa. Av alle felter utmerket kystbekkfeltet Rygge seg med høyest P-AL-tall, i middel 19 mg/100 g, og 92 % i de tre øverste P-AL-klassene. Her lå hele 34 % i klassen ”særdeles høyt”, som betyr P-AL > 20 mg/100 g.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Amy Marie Patrin Oen Magnus Sparrevik David Nicholas Barton Sekhar Udaya Nagothu Gerald Jan Ellen Gijs D. Breedveld Jens Skei Adriaan SlobSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Adam ParuchSammendrag
This work discusses the potential routes of transport, possible occurrence and predicted fate of parasite eggs corresponding to human pathogens in on-site wastewater treatment systems with Light Weight Aggregates (LWA) media. The discussion is mainly based on scientific evidences supported by practical outcomes derived from a survey of helminth eggs in the specific LWA materials-typical filter media of constructed wetlands (CWs) treating domestic wastewater in Norway. The scientific evidences showed that the greatest reduction in the egg concentrations occurs in septic tanks. The eggs that could pass through the tank trap can be accumulated and effectively eliminated in the filter media of CWs. The practical outcomes did not show any accumulation and the consequent contamination of the LWA media with helminth eggs. Because the outcomes characterised a survey that was carried out for the first time ever on the above-specified filter media and was not replicated, the absence of parasite eggs in the CW filters cannot be definitely stated. However, it could be theoretically assumed that the possibility of finding human parasite eggs originated from domestic wastewater in the LWA filters should be negligible.
Forfattere
Adam ParuchSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Adam ParuchSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Plant responses to elevated CO2 are governed by temperature, and at low temperatures the beneficial effects of CO2 may be lost. To document the responses of winter cereals grown under cold conditions at northern latitudes, autumn growth of winter wheat exposed to ambient and elevated levels of temperature (+2.5°C), CO2 (+150 µmol mol-1), and shade (-30%) was studied in open-top chambers under low light and at low temperatures. Throughout the experiment, temperature dominated plant responses, while the effects of CO2 were marginal, except for a positive effect on root biomass. Increased temperature resulted in increased leaf area, total biomass, total root biomass, total stem biomass, and number of tillers, but also a lower content of total sugars and a weaker tolerance to frost. The loss of frost tolerance was related to the larger size of plants grown at elevated temperature. The 30% light reduction under shading did not affect the growth, sugar content, or frost tolerance of winter wheat. At the low temperatures found at high latitudes during autumn, the atmospheric CO2 increase is unlikely to enhance autumn growth of winter wheat to any significant extent, while a temperature increase may have important and major effects on its development and growth.
Sammendrag
Semi-natural grasslands and their species and populations are declining rapidly throughout Europe, bringing about a need for successful vegetation recreation methods. To maintain biodiversity and ecological services of semi-natural grasslands, we need more knowledge on the relative performance of different recreation methods. In a replicated experiment in western Norway, we evaluated two hay transfer methods (hard or light raking of local hay), sowing of local seeds and natural regeneration for recreating semi-natural grassland in a road verge. We compared treated trial plots with their respective donor plots (where hay and seeds were harvested) for three successive years by evaluating vegetation cover, species richness and species transfer rates, and vegetation dynamics analysed by Bray-Curtis compositional dissimilarity (BC) and GNMDS (Global Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling) ordination. Vegetation cover at the trial site exceeded that of donor sites in three years. Transfer rates of common species were high for seed sowing and both hay transfer procedures. Species composition in trial plots for all three treatments became significantly more similar to donor plots, but was still relatively dissimilar after three years. Natural regeneration showed a different temporal pattern and also had a higher successional rate. The species composition of the other treatments followed the same trajectory toward the donor sites as revealed by GNMDS. We found relatively small differences between the two hay transfer methods and seed sowing. Transfer of local hay therefore appears to be a successful method of establishing local species when recreating semi-natural grasslands, and is generally cheaper than using commercial local seed mixtures.
Sammendrag
Seminatural grasslands and their species and populations are declining rapidly throughout Europe, bringing about a need for successful vegetation recreation methods. To maintain biodiversity and ecological services of seminatural grasslands, we need more nowledge on the relative performance of different recreation methods. In a replicated experiment in western Norway, we evaluated two hay transfer methods (hard or light raking of local hay), sowing of local seeds and natural regeneration for recreating seminatural grassland in a road verge. We compared treated trial plots with their respective donor plots (where hay and seeds were harvested) for three successive years by evaluating vegetation cover, species richness and species transfer rates, and vegetation dynamics analysed by Bray–Curtis compositional dissimilarity (BC) and GNMDS (Global NonMetric Multidimensional Scaling) ordination. Vegetation cover at the trial site exceeded that of donor sites in three years. Transfer rates of common species were high for seed sowing and both hay transfer procedures. Species composition in trial plots for all three treatments became significantly more similar to donor plots, but was still relatively dissimilar after three years. Natural regeneration showed a different temporal pattern and also had a higher successional rate. The species composition of the other treatments followed the same trajectory toward the donor sites as revealed by GNMDS. We found relatively small differences between the two hay transfer methods and seed sowing. Transfer of local hay therefore appears to be a successful method of establishing local species when recreating seminatural grasslands, and is generally cheaper than using commercial local seed mixtures.
Sammendrag
Several places in Sogn og Fjordane county, W Norway, old pollarded trees of elm Ulmus glabra stand out as characteristic elements in the cultural landscape. These pollarded trees, which serve as habitats for many groups of organisms and are important key species in the cultural landscape, are threatened due to changes in farming management during the last century. In order to obtain more knowledge about the bryophyte flora on older elm pollards in Sogn og Fjordane county we examined two trees from each of four locations along an east-west gradient, from a strong oceanic climate in coastal areas towards slightly continental conditions further inland. Epiphytic bryophytes were recorded in three different height zones (basal, middle, and top) on the north, east, south and west sides of the trees. We looked for differences in species number (i) between the four locations, (ii) between three height zones (basal, middle and top) of the stems, and (iii) between different expositions (N, S, E and W) of the stems. We found 31 bryophyte species on the eight examined trees. No relation between geographic position and species number was found. There were significantly more species in the basal zones than in the middle zones, while there were no significant differences between the middle zones and top zones, or between the basal zones and top zones. The species number on the northern side exposition was significantly higher than on the eastern and southern sides of the stem.