Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2023
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Liang Wang Alba Dieguez-Alonso Maria Nicte Polanco Olsen Julie Cathrine Guldahl Øyvind Skreiberg Alice Budai Daniel RasseSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Arne Verstraeten Nicolas Bruffaerts Fabiana Cristofolini Elena Vanguelova Johan Neirynck Gerrit Genouw Bruno De Vos Peter Waldner Anne Thimonier Anita Nussbaumer Mathias Neumann Sue Benham Pasi Rautio Liisa Ukonmaanaho Päivi Merilä Antti-Jussi Lindroos Annika Saarto Jukka Reiniharju Nicholas Clarke Volkmar Timmermann Manuel Nicolas Maria Schmitt Katrin Meusburger Anna Kowalska Idalia Kasprzyk Katarzyna Kluska Łukasz Grewling Małgorzata Malkiewicz Lars Vesterdal Morten Ingerslev Miklós Manninger Donat Magyar Hugues Titeux Gunilla Pihl Karlsson Regula Gehrig Sandy Adriaenssens Agneta Ekebom Åslög Dahl Marco Ferretti Elena GottardiniSammendrag
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Sammendrag
NIBIO, NORSUS og Norwaste har vært involvert i et forskningsprosjekt finansiert av Handelens Miljøfond, som har tatt for seg bionedbrytbar plast og innsamlingsløsninger for matavfall i Norge. Forskerne fant at bionedbrytbar plast i svært liten grad brytes ned i biogassprosessen. Prosjektet pågikk fra juni 2022, sluttrapporten ble levert i august i år. NIBIO valgte de to mest brukte bionedbrytbare plastposene i Norge, og kjørte laboratorieforsøk der man så på nedbrytningen av disse under anaerob utråtning (biogassprosessen). Det ble først gjort forbehandling med termisk hydrolyse, og siden forsøk under såkalt termofile og mesofile forhold, altså med varmebehandling. – Vi hadde en ganske lang oppholdstid på 22 dager. Det store spørsmålet var om disse posene brytes ned under slike forhold. Det korte svaret er at det skjer i svært liten grad, sier NIBIO-forsker Claire Coutris til Biogassbransjen.no. Posene merket «hjemmekomposterbare» tapte maksimalt 33 prosent av opprinnelig vekt under termofile forhold, 55 grader. De som var markert «komposterbare i industriell kompostering» hadde et vekttap på 14-21 prosent. – Posene er nedbrytbare, men ikke under anaerob utråtning, sier Coutris. – Ved kompostering ved cirka 60 grader skal de bli borte i løpet av 6 måneder. Komposteringsprosesser foregår over mye lenger tid enn prosesser i biogassanlegg. Det var 4 prosent plast i matavfallet, som tilsvarer det man finner i faktisk produksjon, forteller Coutris. – Sannsynligvis vil det være behov for etterbehandling av biorest selv når matavfallet samles inn i bionedbrytbare poser. – Men vil det være noe problem å kjøre bioresten på jordet med bionedbrytbar plast, hvis den uansett brytes ned på sikt? – Disse posene er nedbrytbare under spesifikke forhold. Industriell kompost holder minst 60 grader i minst 4 uker. Jord holder sjelden mer enn 20 grader, og vi kan dermed ikke forvente at plasten brytes ned fort nok til at den ikke vil akkumuleres i jord. Coutris ser for seg videre forsøk hvor man kan bruke plastbitene fra forsøker i landbruksjord for å se hvor raskt de brytes ned under slike forhold.
Forfattere
Claire CoutrisSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Climate change can have an influence on rainfall that significantly affects the magnitude frequency of floods and droughts. Therefore, the analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution, variability, and trends of rainfall over the Mahi Basin in India is an important objective of the present work. Accordingly, a serial autocorrelation, coefficient of variation, Mann–Kendall (MK) and Sen’s slope test, innovative trend analysis (ITA), and Pettitt’s test were used in the rainfall analysis. The outcomes were derived from the monthly precipitation data (1901–2012) of 14 meteorology stations in the Mahi Basin. The serial autocorrelation results showed that there is no autocorrelation in the data series. The rainfall statistics denoted that the Mahi Basin receives 94.8% of its rainfall (821 mm) in the monsoon period (June–September). The normalized accumulated departure from the mean reveals that the annual and monsoon rainfall of the Mahi Basin were below average from 1901 to 1930 and above average from 1930 to 1990, followed by a period of fluctuating conditions. Annual and monsoon rainfall variations increase in the lower catchment of the basin. The annual and monsoon rainfall trend analysis specified a significant declining tendency for four stations and an increasing tendency for 3 stations, respectively. A significant declining trend in winter rainfall was observed for 9 stations under review. Likewise, out of 14 stations, 9 stations denote a significant decrease in pre-monsoon rainfall. Nevertheless, there is no significant increasing or decreasing tendency in annual, monsoon, and post-monsoon rainfall in the Mahi Basin. The Mann–Kendall test and innovative trend analysis indicate identical tendencies of annual and seasonal rainfall on the basin scale. The annual and monsoon rainfall of the basin showed a positive shift in rainfall after 1926. The rainfall analysis confirms that despite spatiotemporal variations in rainfall, there are no significant positive or negative trends of annual and monsoon rainfall on the basin scale. It suggests that the Mahi Basin received average rainfall (867 mm) annually and in the monsoon season (821 mm) from 1901 to 2012, except for a few years of high and low rainfall. Therefore, this study is important for flood and drought management, agriculture, and water management in the Mahi Basin.
Forfattere
Yeqing Li Shasha Yu Xingru Yang Yijing Feng Liming Dong Yi Zhang Lu Feng Mahmoud Mazarji Junting PanSammendrag
In the anaerobic digestion (AD) process, the effects of humic acid (HA) derived from different feedstocks on AD are influenced by the variations in their structural composition and oxygen-containing functional groups. Thus, clarifying the structural differences of HA obtained from different feedstocks is crucial for understanding their impact on AD. In this study, the structure of five humic acids (HAs) derived from liquid digestate, food waste, silage corn straw, lignite and commercial HA, and their effects on AD were investigated. The study found that HA from food waste had more carboxyl groups, while straw-derived HA had more phenolic hydroxyl groups. Both types of HA had higher aromaticity and humification degree and showed significant inhibition effect on AD. HA from food waste had an average methanogenic inhibition rate of 43.5 % with 1 g/L HA added. In addition, commercial HA and HA derived from lignite had similar functional group types and aromaticity, with an average methanogenic inhibition rate of about 20 %. The study revealed that HAs with more carboxyl groups exhibited greater effectiveness in inhibiting AD, thereby confirming the influence of HA structures derived from different feedstocks on AD. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the mechanism of HA effect on AD and offers guidance for future research focused on enhancing AD efficiency.