Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2023
Forfattere
Astor Toraño-Caicoya Marta Vergarechea Clemens Blattert Julian Klein Kyle Eyvindson Daniel Burgas Riera Tord Snäll Mikko Mönkkönen Rasmus Astrup Fulvio Di Fulvio Niklas Forsell Markus Hartikainen Enno Uhl Werner Poschenrieder Clara Antón FernándezSammendrag
Forests provide a range of vital services to society and are critical habitats for biodiversity, holding inherent multifunctionality. While traditionally viewed as a byproduct of production-focused forestry, today's forest ecosystem services and biodiversity (FESB) play an essential role in several sectoral policies’ needs. Achieving policy objectives requires careful management considering the interplay of services, influenced by regional aspects and climate. Here, we examined the multifunctionality gap caused by these factors through simulation of forest management and multi-objective optimization methods across different regions - Finland, Norway, Sweden and Germany (Bavaria). To accomplish this, we tested diverse management regimes (productivity-oriented silviculture, several continuous cover forestry regimes and set asides), two climate scenarios (current and RCP 4.5) and three policy strategies (National Forest, Biodiversity and Bioeconomy Strategies). For each combination we calculated a multifunctionality metric at the landscape scale based on 5 FESB classes (biodiversity conservation, bioenergy, climate regulation, wood, water and recreation). In Germany and Norway, maximum multifunctionality was achieved by increasing the proportion of set-asides and proportionally decreasing the rest of management regimes. In Finland, maximum MF would instead require that policies address greater diversity in management, while in Sweden, the pattern was slightly different but similar to Finland. Regarding the climate scenarios, we observed that only for Sweden the difference in the provision of FESB was significant. Finally, the highest overall potential multifunctionality was observed for Sweden (National Forest scenario, with a value of 0.94 for the normalized multifunctionality metric), followed by Germany (National Forest scenario, 0.83), Finland (Bioeconomy scenario, 0.81) and Norway (National Forest scenario, 0.71). The results highlight the challenges of maximizing multifunctionality and underscore the significant influence of country-specific policies and climate change on forest management. To achieve the highest multifunctionality, strategies must be tailored to specific national landscapes, acknowledging both synergistic and conflicting FESB.
Forfattere
Astor Toraño Caicoya Marta Vergarechea Clemens Blattert Julian Klein Kyle Eyvindson Daniel Burgas Riera Tord Snäll Mikko Mönkkönen Rasmus Astrup Fulvio Di Fulvio Niklas Forsell Markus Hartikainen Enno Uhl Werner Poschenrieder Clara Antón FernándezSammendrag
Forests provide a range of vital services to society and are critical habitats for biodiversity, holding inherent multifunctionality. While traditionally viewed as a byproduct of production-focused forestry, today's forest ecosystem services and biodiversity (FESB) play an essential role in several sectoral policies’ needs. Achieving policy objectives requires careful management considering the interplay of services, influenced by regional aspects and climate. Here, we examined the multifunctionality gap caused by these factors through simulation of forest management and multi-objective optimization methods across different regions - Finland, Norway, Sweden and Germany (Bavaria). To accomplish this, we tested diverse management regimes (productivity-oriented silviculture, several continuous cover forestry regimes and set asides), two climate scenarios (current and RCP 4.5) and three policy strategies (National Forest, Biodiversity and Bioeconomy Strategies). For each combination we calculated a multifunctionality metric at the landscape scale based on 5 FESB classes (biodiversity conservation, bioenergy, climate regulation, wood, water and recreation). In Germany and Norway, maximum multifunctionality was achieved by increasing the proportion of set-asides and proportionally decreasing the rest of management regimes. In Finland, maximum MF would instead require that policies address greater diversity in management, while in Sweden, the pattern was slightly different but similar to Finland. Regarding the climate scenarios, we observed that only for Sweden the difference in the provision of FESB was significant. Finally, the highest overall potential multifunctionality was observed for Sweden (National Forest scenario, with a value of 0.94 for the normalized multifunctionality metric), followed by Germany (National Forest scenario, 0.83), Finland (Bioeconomy scenario, 0.81) and Norway (National Forest scenario, 0.71). The results highlight the challenges of maximizing multifunctionality and underscore the significant influence of country-specific policies and climate change on forest management. To achieve the highest multifunctionality, strategies must be tailored to specific national landscapes, acknowledging both synergistic and conflicting FESB.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Denne rapporten er del 2 av: Skogressurser i Norge - Status og framtidsscenarier. I foreliggende rapport “Skogressurser i Norge, status og framtidsscenarier for 6 regioner” presenterer vi først status for skogressursene pr. 2017 (kapittel 3-5) og historisk utvikling av ressursene (kapittel 6 og 7). Vi har undersøkt hvordan arealfordeling av bonitet og skogtyper og skogvolum og tilvekst fordeler seg på hogstklasser. I tillegg viser vi hvordan skogarealet, tilvekst og skogvolum fordeler seg på arealer der skoglovgivningen og sertifiseringsordninger krever at det må tas særskilte hensyn ved hogst (hensynsarealer, kapittel 3.2). Historisk utvikling av skogressursene er presentert for arealutviklingen for hogstklasser tilbake til år 1990, skogvolum og tilvekst tilbake til år 1925 og skogavvirkning tilbake til år 2000. I kapittel 9 og 10 presenterer vi 9 framtidsscenarier (prognoser) for mulig avvirkning/balansekvantum, tilvekst- og volumutvikling 100 år frem i tid gitt ulike forutsetninger for skogens alder ved hogst, foryngelse og ungskogpleie. I kapittel 11 vises en sammenligning av de ulike scenariene som er estimert for hver region. Oversiktene for skogressursene (referanseår 2017) og framtidsscenariene er basert på takseringer av Landsskogtakseringens permanente prøveflater for perioden 2015-2019. Prognoseverktøyet SiTree er benyttet til å estimere balansekvantum for de 9 framtidsscenariene. Vi fant at prognoser med like driftskostnader, men med varierende skogkulturinnsats, hadde relativt liten effekt på balansekvantum, men hadde effekt på treslagssammensetningen i tilgjengelig skogvolum, tilvekst og volumutvikling i produktiv skog. Varierende forutsetning om hogstalder hadde også effekt på utviklingen av skogressursene og på balansekvantumet.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Morgane MerlinSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Key message This study compares the measured radial variation in wood stiffness, strength, and density of noble fir, Norway spruce, western hemlock, and western red cedar by developing mixed-effects models for each property using age as the explanatory variable. These models could be used to simulate the effect of rotation length and species choice on sawn wood properties. Context Timber production in Great Britain relies primarily on Sitka spruce. The use of multiple species is desirable to mitigate against biotic and abiotic risks posed to a single species. When considering alternative species, quantifying and modeling radial variation in wood properties is important to determine the potential for sawn timber production at a given rotation length. Aims To build empirical models for the radial variation in wood properties that can account for species. Methods Clear-wood samples were produced along radial transects in trees from four conifer species: Abies procera Rehder, Picea abies (L.) Karst, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., Thuja plicata Donn. ex D.Don. Modulus of Elasticity, Modulus of Rupture, and density were measured on each species according to established standards. Mixed-effects models were built using ring numbers from the pith and species as explanatory variables. Results The same model forms could be used across the four species. Nonlinear models were developed for the Modulus of Elasticity and density. For the Modulus of Rupture, a linear model was most appropriate. The effect of species in the models was significant. Conclusion At similar rotation lengths, noble fir, Norway spruce, and western hemlock can produce timber with comparable properties to Sitka spruce. Overall, western red cedar would have worse properties for structural use. Keywords MOE, MOR, Radial variation, Tree growth, Alternative species
Forfattere
Paul McLeanSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Paul McLeanSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Astor Toraño Caicoya Werner Poschenrieder Clemens Blattert Kyle Eyvindson Markus Hartikainen Daniel Burgas Mikko Mönkkönen Enno Uhl Marta Vergarechea Hans PretzschSammendrag
European countries have national sectoral polices to regulate and promote the provision of a wide range of forest ecosystems services (FES). However, potential incoherencies among these policies can negatively affect the efficient provision of FES. In this work, we evaluated the coherence among three national policies from Germany and their ability to effectively provide FES in the future: the Forest Strategy 2020 (FS), the National Strategy on Biological Diversity (BDS), and the German National Policy Strategy on Bioeconomy (BES). Using forest inventory data from the Federal State of Bavaria, we simulated a range of forest management options under three climate trajectories for 100 years into the future (2012–2112). Then, with multi-objective optimization, we translated each policy into a specific scenario and identified the best combination of management regimes that maximizes the targets defined in each policy scenario. The three policies were vague in the definition of FES. The FS was the most comprehensive policy aiming for a higher degree of multifunctionality, whereas the BES and BDS focused on less FES. The FS and the BDS showed the highest coherence, while the BES showed a stronger focus on timber production. As a result, the optimal management programs of FS and BDS showed high integration, with a dominance of Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF), and certain shares of set asides. Climate change led to an increase of set aside areas due to increased productivity. In the BES, the share of land among management regimes was strongly segregated between CCF and rotation forestry. Our policy coherence analysis showed that achieving a multifunctional provision of FES requires policy coherence, fostering a diverse management of the landscape that mainly takes advantage of integrative management, like CCF, but also segregates important parts of the landscape for intensive use and set asides. Nevertheless, the current high standing volumes in Bavaria will pose an additional risk to implement such management.