Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2013
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Heleen de Wit Anders Bryn Annika Hofgaard Jonas Karstensen Maria Malene Kvalevåg Glen Philip PetersSammendrag
Expanding high elevation and high latitude forest has contrasting climate feedbacks through carbon sequestration (cooling) and reduced surface reflectance (warming), which are yet poorly quantified. Here, we present an empirically-based projection of mountain birch forest expansion in south-central Norway under climate change and absence of land use. Climate effects of carbon sequestration and albedo change are compared using four emission metrics. Forest expansion was modeled for a projected 2.6 °C increase of summer temperature in 2100, with associated reduced snow cover. We find that the current (year 2000) forest line of the region is circa 100 m lower than its climatic potential due to land use history. In the future scenarios, forest cover increased from 12 to 27% between 2000 and 2100, resulting in a 59% increase in biomass carbon storage and an albedo change from 0.46 to 0.30. Forest expansion in 2100 was behind its climatic potential, forest migration rates being the primary limiting factor. In 2100, the warming caused by lower albedo from expanding forest was 10 to 17 times stronger than the cooling effect from carbon sequestration for all emission metrics considered. Reduced snow cover further exacerbated the net warming feedback. The warming effect is considerably stronger than previously reported for boreal forest cover, because of the typically low biomass density in mountain forests and the large changes in albedo of snow-covered tundra areas. The positive climate feedback of high latitude and high elevation expanding mountain forests with seasonal snow cover exceeds those of afforestation at lower elevation, and calls for further attention of both modelers and empiricists. The inclusion and upscaling of these climate feedbacks from mountain forests into global models is warranted to assess the potential global impacts.
2012
Sammendrag
Boka Evolusjon - Naturens kulturhistorie av Markus Lindholm (Spartacus Forlag) bringer nye og interessante perspektiver inn i livets utvikling. Boka hanlder om de store spørsmålene og de lange linjene, om arv og miljø, og om natur og kultur.
Forfattere
Anders BrynSammendrag
Det pågår en omfattende gjengroing med skog i åpne kulturlandskap i Norge. Dette vil påvirke en rekke verdiområder, blant annet kulturminner, landskapsopplevelser og biologisk mangfold. Nær 16% av Norge kan gro igjen med skog dersom utviklingen fortsetter.
Sammendrag
De norske landskapene gror igjen og dette innvirker på en rekke verdiområder. Artikkelen diskuterer spesielt forholdet mellom gjengroing i kulturlandskapet og reiselivet i Norge.
Sammendrag
Landskapene i Norge gror igjen og dette påvirker utsikten, landskapsopplevelsen, biologisk mangfold, kulturminner og beitegrunnlaget. Av totalt omkring 400.000 hytter i Norge, ligger over 60.000 av dem i områder som vil gro gjen med skog. Utmarksbeite med sau holder skogen unna en del områder, men kan ikke stoppe gjengroinga alene.
Sammendrag
Gjengroing med skog pågår i mange deler av landet, og dette vil påvirke mange freda bygninger og kulturmiljøer. Spesielt utsatt er freda bygninger knyttet til land- og fiskebruk. Av de 2774 freda bygningene som kan knyttes til land- og fiskebruk, ligger 1560 (56%) i områder som gror igjen. Direkte kan gjengroing med skog øke bygningenes fysisk nedbryting blant annet gjennom fuktigere luft rundt bygningene (tiltakende forråtnelse), gjengrodde dreneringer og rotsprengning på grunnmurer. I alt vil gjengroinga stille økende krav til vedlikehold, og framtidige klimaendringer kan forsterke konsekvensene betydelig.
Sammendrag
During recent decades, forests have expanded into new areas throughout the whole of Norway. The processes explained as causing the forest expansion have focused mainly on climate or land use changes. To enable a spatially explicit separation of the effects following these two main drivers behind forest expansion, the authors set out to model the potential for natural forest regeneration following land use abandonment, given the present climatic conditions. The present forest distribution, a number of high-resolution land cover maps, and GIS methods were used to model the potential for natural forest regeneration. Furthermore, the results were tested with independent local models, explanatory variables and predictive modelling. The modelling results show that land use abandonment, in a long-term perspective, has the climatic and edaphic potential to cause natural forest regeneration of 48,800 km2, or 15.9% of mainland Norway. The future natural forest regeneration following land use change or abandonment can now be spatially separated from the effects of climate changes. The different independent model tests support the main findings, but small fractions of the modelled potential natural forest regeneration will probably be caused by other processes than land use abandonment.
Sammendrag
Pilgrims travel along the main reopened St Olav pilgrim routes in Norway and visit a variety of cultural heritage types. These routes are part of a value creation programme, in which the management authorities try to increase the numbers of pilgrims. At the same time, forest regrowth is reported to reduce the landscape experience of pilgrims and to biophysically change the cultural heritage sites. However, no studies have been reported on the spatial encroachments of forests along the pilgrim routes. The purpose of this study is to analyse where forest regrowth along the main reopened pilgrim routes in Norway will appear, given the present climatic conditions, and to assess the spatial overlap of future forest regrowth with cultural heritage sites. A potential forest model and a cultural heritage sites database were combined with several baseline geographical data layers and spatially joined in geographical information systems. The results show that most of the future forest regrowth will appear in mountainous parts of the pilgrim routes, whereas many hunting sites, tradition sites and other cultural heritage sites will be overgrown by young forests. Therefore, management efforts to keep the main pilgrim routes open need to be strengthened and directed towards future risks.