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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2023

Sammendrag

«Bjørk i Norge» er sluttrapporten etter det treårige prosjekt «Flaskehalser og barrierer for økt bruk av bjørk» som er utført av en gruppe forskere ved NIBIO. Formålet med rapporten er å gi en oversikt over dagens bjørkeressurser, prognoser for volum og tilvekst samt dagens bruk av bjørk. Vi beskriver brukspotensiale, flaskehalser og barrierer for økt og kvalitetstilpasset bruk av bjørk og gjennomgår dagens kunnskap om foryngelse og skjøtsel av bjørk. I tillegg gir rapporten en oversikt over kvalitetsevalueringer av bjørk, samt en presentasjon av en studie om «forbedret kvalitetsevaluering av bjørkestokker». Vi påpeker fremtidige forskningsbehov og handlingsmuligheter for å få en bedre utnyttelse av avvirket virke, en mer kvalitetstilpasset bruk og en generell økt bruk av norsk bjørk.

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Sammendrag

The challenge of accurately segmenting individual trees from laser scanning data hinders the assessment of crucial tree parameters necessary for effective forest management, impacting many downstream applications. While dense laser scanning offers detailed 3D representations, automating the segmentation of trees and their structures from point clouds remains difficult. The lack of suitable benchmark datasets and reliance on small datasets have limited method development. The emergence of deep learning models exacerbates the need for standardized benchmarks. Addressing these gaps, the FOR-instance data represent a novel benchmarking dataset to enhance forest measurement using dense airborne laser scanning data, aiding researchers in advancing segmentation methods for forested 3D scenes. In this repository, users will find forest laser scanning point clouds from unamnned aerial vehicle (using Riegl sensors) that are manually segmented according to the individual trees (1130 trees) and semantic classes. The point clouds are subdivided into five data collections representing different forests in Norway, the Czech Republic, Austria, New Zealand, and Australia. These data are meant to be used either for developement of new methods (using the dev data) or for testing of exisitng methods (test data). The data splits are provided in the data_split_metadata.csv file. A full description of the FOR-instance data can be found at http://arxiv.org/abs/2309.01279

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Sammendrag

The FOR-instance dataset (available at this https URL) addresses the challenge of accurate individual tree segmentation from laser scanning data, crucial for understanding forest ecosystems and sustainable management. Despite the growing need for detailed tree data, automating segmentation and tracking scientific progress remains difficult. Existing methodologies often overfit small datasets and lack comparability, limiting their applicability. Amid the progress triggered by the emergence of deep learning methodologies, standardized benchmarking assumes paramount importance in these research domains. This data paper introduces a benchmarking dataset for dense airborne laser scanning data, aimed at advancing instance and semantic segmentation techniques and promoting progress in 3D forest scene segmentation. The FOR-instance dataset comprises five curated and ML-ready UAV-based laser scanning data collections from diverse global locations, representing various forest types. The laser scanning data were manually annotated into individual trees (instances) and different semantic classes (e.g. stem, woody branches, live branches, terrain, low vegetation). The dataset is divided into development and test subsets, enabling method advancement and evaluation, with specific guidelines for utilization. It supports instance and semantic segmentation, offering adaptability to deep learning frameworks and diverse segmentation strategies, while the inclusion of diameter at breast height data expands its utility to the measurement of a classic tree variable. In conclusion, the FOR-instance dataset contributes to filling a gap in the 3D forest research, enhancing the development and benchmarking of segmentation algorithms for dense airborne laser scanning data.

Sammendrag

Information on tree height-growth dynamics is essential for optimizing forest management and wood procurement. Although methods to derive information on height-growth information from multi-temporal laser scanning data already exist, there is no method to derive such information from data acquired at a single point in time. Drone laser scanning data (unmanned aerial vehicles, UAV-LS) allows for the efficient collection of very dense point clouds, creating new opportunities to measure tree and branch architecture. In this study, we examine if it is possible to measure the vertical positions of branch whorls, which correspond to nodes, and thus can in turn be used to trace the height growth of individual trees. We propose a method to measure the vertical positions of whorls based on a single-acquisition of UAV-LS data coupled with deep-learning techniques. First, single-tree point clouds were converted into 2D image projections, and a YOLOv5 (you-only-look-once) convolutional neural network was trained to detect whorls based on a sample of manually annotated images. Second, the trained whorl detector was applied to a set of 39 trees that were destructively sampled after the UAV-LS data acquisition. The detected whorls were then used to estimate tree-, plot- and stand-level height-growth trajectories. The results indicated that 70 per cent (i.e. precision) of the measured whorls were correctly detected and that 63 per cent (i.e. recall) of the detected whorls were true whorls. These results translated into an overall root-mean-squared error and Bias of 8 and −5 cm for the estimated mean annual height increment. The method’s performance was consistent throughout the height of the trees and independent of tree size. As a use case, we demonstrate the possibility of developing a height-age curve, such as those that could be used for forecasting site productivity. Overall, this study provides proof of concept for new methods to analyse dense aerial point clouds based on image-based deep-learning techniques and demonstrates the potential for deriving useful analytics for forest management purposes at operationally-relevant spatial-scales.

Sammendrag

Denne rapporten er skrevet på oppdrag fra Teknisk beregningsutvalg for klima (TBU klima). TBU klima skal ifølge mandatet gi råd om forbedringer i metoder for tiltaks- og virkemiddelanalyser på klimaområdet. I årsrapporten for 2021 har utvalget redegjort for hvilke metoder som er vurdert hittil og hvilke temaer som gjenstår. Et tema som foreløpig ikke har vært dekket av utvalget, er metoder som brukes til framskrivninger og til analyser av tiltak og virkemidler som påvirker utslipp og opptak av klimagasser fra skog, arealbruk og arealbruksendringer. Disse opptakene og utslippene rapporteres i det nasjonale klimagassregnskapet under arealbrukssektoren (eng. Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry, LULUCF). Formålet med denne rapporten er å gi et kunnskapsgrunnlag for utvalgets videre arbeid med vurdering av metodeapparatet som brukes til utslippsframskrivinger og analyser av tiltak og virkemidler rettet mot arealbrukssektoren, samt metode for å beregne klimaeffekt av poster på statsbudsjettet som påvirker arealbrukssektoren.