Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
Forfattere
Rune Halvorsen Odd Arne Brenn Erik Framstad Geir Gaarder Ivar Gjerde Fride Høistad Schei Olav Skarpaas Ken Olaf Storaunet Anne Sverdrup-ThygesonSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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2021
Forfattere
Robert Schneider Laurie Dupont-Leduc Vincent Gauthray-Guyénet Nicolas Cattaneo Lara Melo Tommy Simard Alexis Begni Raphael Turquin Annabelle Morache-Mercier Samuel Pinna Ulysse Rémillard Charles NockSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ingmar R. Staude Henrique M. Pereira Gergana N. Daskalova Markus Bernhardt-Römermann Martin Diekmann Harald Pauli Hans Van Calster Mark Vellend Anne D. Bjorkman Jörg Brunet Pieter De Frenne Radim Hédl Ute Jandt Jonathan Lenoir Isla H. Myers-Smith Kris Verheyen Sonja Wipf Monika Wulf Christopher Andrews Peter Barančok Elena Barni José-Luis Benito-Alonso Jonathan Bennie Imre Berki Volker Blüml Markéta Chudomelová Guillaume Decocq Jan Dick Thomas Dirnböck Tomasz Durak Ove Eriksson Brigitta Erschbamer Bente Jessen Graae Thilo Heinken Fride Høistad Schei Bogdan Jaroszewicz Martin Kopecký Thomas Kudernatsch Martin Macek Marek Malicki František Máliš Ottar Michelsen Tobias Naaf Thomas A. Nagel Adrian C. Newton Lena Nicklas Ludovica Oddi Adrienne Ortmann-Ajkai Andrej Palaj Alessandro Petraglia Petr Petřík Remigiusz Pielech Francesco Porro Mihai Puşcaş Kamila Reczyńska Christian Rixen Wolfgang Schmidt Tibor Standovár Klaus Steinbauer Krzysztof Świerkosz Balázs Teleki Jean-Paul Theurillat Pavel Dan Turtureanu Tudor-Mihai Ursu Thomas Vanneste Philippine Vergeer Ondřej Vild Luis Villar Pascal Vittoz Manuela Winkler Lander BaetenSammendrag
Species turnover is ubiquitous. However, it remains unknown whether certain types of species are consistently gained or lost across different habitats. Here, we analysed the trajectories of 1827 plant species over time intervals of up to 78 years at 141 sites across mountain summits, forests, and lowland grasslands in Europe. We found, albeit with relatively small effect sizes, displacements of smaller- by larger-ranged species across habitats. Communities shifted in parallel towards more nutrient-demanding species, with species from nutrient-rich habitats having larger ranges. Because these species are typically strong competitors, declines of smaller-ranged species could reflect not only abiotic drivers of global change, but also biotic pressure from increased competition. The ubiquitous component of turnover based on species range size we found here may partially reconcile findings of no net loss in local diversity with global species loss, and link community-scale turnover to macroecological processes such as biotic homogenisation.
Sammendrag
Scots pine exhibits variations in ray anatomy, which are poorly understood. Some ray parenchyma cells develop thick and lignified cell walls before heartwood formation. We hypothesized that some stands and trees show high numbers of lignified and thick-walled parenchyma cells early in the sapwood. Therefore, a microscopic analysis of Scots pine sapwood from four different stands in Northern Europe was performed on Safranin — Astra blue-stained tangential micro sections from outer and inner sapwood areas. Significant differences in lignification and cell wall thickening of ray parenchyma cells were observed in the outer sapwood between all of the stands for the trees analyzed. On a single tree level, the relative lignification and cell wall thickening of ray parenchyma cells ranged from 4.3% to 74.3% in the outer sapwood. In the inner sapwood, lignification and cell wall thickening of ray parenchyma cells were more frequent. In some trees, however, the difference in lignification and cell wall thickening between inner and outer sapwood was small since early lignification, and cell wall thickening was already more common in the outer sapwood. Ray composition and number of rays per area were not significantly different within the studied material. However, only one Scottish tree had a significantly higher number of ray parenchyma cells per ray. The differences discovered in lignification and cell wall thickening in ray parenchyma cells early in the sapwood of Scots pine are relevant for wood utilization in general and impregnation treatments with protection agents in particular.
Forfattere
Diana Saplacan Weria Khaksar Jim TørresenSammendrag
This paper presents some of the ethical challenges that current care robots raise in home- and healthcare services for senior adults (≥65 years). The paper is grounded in some of the state-of-the-art projects within the area of care robotics.Further, the paper identifies and discusses several central challenges raised by using robots as part of care services for the elderly people. The paper contributes to the ethical debate on the implications care robots may have for the practical context of healthcare. In addition, the paper summarizes the main lines of the EU legal approach to AI robotic technology, offering a comprehensive picture of the existing regulatory, theoretical and research gaps, compelling the need of an interdisciplinary ethical reflection on care robots. Finally, the discussion is then balanced by some of the opportunities the care robots may provide for the care services.
Forfattere
J. Julio Camarero Antonio Gazol Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda Marta Vergarechea Raquel Alfaro-Sánchez Nicolas Cattaneo Sergio M. Vicente-SerranoSammendrag
Background Equatorward, rear-edge tree populations are natural monitors to estimate species vulnerability to climate change. According to biogeographical theory, exposition to drought events increases with increasing aridity towards the equator and the growth of southern tree populations will be more vulnerable to drought than in central populations. However, the ecological and biogeographical margins can mismatch due to the impact of ecological factors (topography, soils) or tree-species acclimation that can blur large-scale geographical imprints in trees responses to drought making northern populations more drought limited. Methods We tested these ideas in six tree species, three angiosperms (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Quercus petraea) and three gymnosperms (Abies alba, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus uncinata) by comparing rear-edge tree populations subjected to different degrees of aridity. We used dendrochronology to compare the radial-growth patterns of these species in northern, intermediate, and southern tree populations at the continental rear edge. Results and conclusions We found marked variations in growth variability between species with coherent patterns of stronger drought signals in the tree-ring series of the southern populations of F. sylvatica, P. sylvestris, and A. alba. This was also observed in species from cool-wet sites (P. uncinata and Q. robur), despite their limited responsiveness to drought. However, in the case of Q. petraea the intermediate population showed the strongest relationship to drought. For drought-sensitive species as F. sylvatica and P. sylvestris, southern populations presented more variable growth which was enhanced by cool-wet conditions from late spring to summer. We found a trend of enhanced vulnerability to drought in these two species. The response of tree growth to drought has a marked biogeographical component characterized by increased drought sensitivity in southern populations even within the species distribution rear edge. Nevertheless, the relationship between tree growth and drought varied between species suggesting that biogeographical and ecological limits do not always overlap as in the case of Q. petraea. In widespread species showing enhanced vulnerability to drought, as F. sylvatica and P. sylvestris, increased vulnerability to climate warming in their rear edges is forecasted. Therefore, we encourage the monitoring and conservation of such marginal tree populations.
Sammendrag
Statskog eier om lag 8% av Norges produktive skogareal. Skogen er dominert av en stor andel hogstmoden skog og en overvekt av skog på lavere boniteter. Tilveksten i skogen er svakt avtagende noe som sannsynligvis skyldes skjev aldersklasse fordeling med mye eldre skog. Hogsten i skogen er kun om lag en tredjedel av tilveksten og fører til en sterk oppbygging av det stående volum på Statskog sine eiendommer. Når tilveksten er høyere enn avvirking vil man vanligvis forvente et opptak av karbon i skogen. Dette er også tilfellet for Statskog hvor det er estimert et karbonopptak på om lag 1,5 mill. ton CO2 per år. Karbon opptaket er litt mindre nå enn det var tidligere ettersom tilveksten er fallende og hogsten har vært svakt økende. Når man driver hogst er det fossile utslipp knyttet til hogst, terrengtransport, og tømmerbil transport. Mellom 2010 og 2019 har utslippene fra hogst og transport variert mellom 1 600 tonn CO2 og 4 900 tonn CO2 avhengig av hogstkvantum. Det er viktig å fremheve at utslippene fra transport og hogst er minimale sammenlignet med opptaket av CO2 i skogen til Statskog. Når man avvirker skog produseres det materialer som kan erstatte fossil intensive materialer til andre sektorer slik som bygg og energi. Det er vanskelig å direkte kvantifisere substitusjonen av fossil intensive materialer da effekten er avhengig av de spesifikke materialene som erstattes og effektiviteten i hele verdikjeden. På den andre siden er substitusjon en viktig del av klimaeffekten ved hogst og bør inkluderes når man vurderer klimaeffekter av skogsdrift. Hvis vi antar at skurlast produsert fra avvirkningen til Statskog benyttes til å erstatte stål er det estimert at substitusjonen mellom 2010 og 2019 har variert mellom 32 000 og 99 000 tonn CO2 per år. Substitusjonseffekten er dermed mye høyere enn utslippene fra hogst og transport, men likevel små i forhold til opptaket av karbon i skogen til Statskog. Gjennom skogbehandlingen kan man kraftig påvirke opptaket av karbon i skogen. På lang sikt, er det muligheter for å øke opptaket av karbon gjennom økt plantetetthet og økt bruk av foredlet plantemateriale. Ved å gjødsle skogen kan man oppnå raskt økende opptak av karbon, men den samlede effekten er ikke nødvendigvis så stor da det er begrenset med arealer som er egnet til økt gjødslingsintensitet. Andre tiltak slik som forlenget omløpstid kan også vurderes, men må ses i sammenheng med skogens helsetilstand og effekter på det tilgjengelige hogstkvantum.
Forfattere
Gry Alfredsen Christian Brischke Brendan N. Marais Robert F. A. Stein Katrin Zimmer Miha HumarSammendrag
To evaluate the performance of new wood-based products, reference wood species with known performances are included in laboratory and field trials. However, different wood species vary in their durability performance, and there will also be a within-species variation. The primary aim of this paper was to compare the material resistance against decay fungi and moisture performance of three European reference wood species, i.e., Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica). Wood material was collected from 43 locations all over Europe and exposed to brown rot (Rhodonia placenta), white rot (Trametes versicolor) or soft rot fungi. In addition, five different moisture performance characteristics were analyzed. The main results were the two factors accounting for the wetting ability (kwa) and the inherent protective properties of wood (kinh), factors for conversion between Norway spruce vs. Scots pine sapwood or European beech for the three decay types and four moisture tests, and material resistance dose (DRd) per wood species. The data illustrate that the differences between the three European reference wood species were minor, both with regard to decay and moisture performance. The results also highlight the importance of defined boundaries for density and annual ring width when comparing materials within and between experiments. It was concluded that with the factors obtained, existing, and future test data, where only one or two of the mentioned reference species were used, can be transferred to models and prediction tools that use another of the reference species