Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Mirjana SadojevicSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Katrine Marie Brynildsrud Peter Horvath Michael Angeloff Wenche Dramstad Adam Eindride Naas Kerstin Potthoff Anders BrynSammendrag
Expanding cities and urban densification is one of the major threats to biodiversity, ecosystem services and human welfare. Using Oslo, the capital city of Norway, as a case study this study addresses the following questions: (i) What vegetation changes have occurred between 1980s and 2021 and to what extent? (ii) What are the potential consequences of documented changes for biodiversity and other functions of green spaces? (iii) What future direction is the present development plan aiming for? To answer these questions, detailed vegetation maps (1:10 000) of Oslo from around 1980s were remapped in situ in 2021. We present results on land cover transformations, area statistics, and analyses of ecological impacts using landscape metrics. Our results document that large areas previously covered by vegetation types and cultivated land have been lost to urban densification. Housing dominated the new use. This loss of areas with vegetation types will affect ecosystem diversity negatively. On average, the total area and the mean patch area of each vegetation type decreased, whereas the mean Euclidean nearest-neighbor distance increased. These changes have lowered connectivity and increased fragmentation. Despite explicitly stated aims, previous efforts to reduce loss of areas with high biodiversity and maintain urban green spaces have not succeeded, and the planned future urban development indicates that a further decrease will follow in the next decades.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Acetylation greatly increases the decay resistance of wood, but even highly acetylated wood can be degraded by fungi if given sufcient time. This study investigated the degradation of acetylated wood by the brown rot fungus Rhodonia placenta, aiming to understand the fungal-induced changes in wood-water relations that are associated with decay. Acetylated samples as well as unacetylated references were exposed to R. placenta in a stacked-sample decay test to generate samples in diferent stages of decay. The decayed samples were used to investigate changes in acetyl content, water vapour sorption, and maximum cell wall moisture content as measured by solute exclusion. R. placenta caused high mass losses in acetylated wood, but preferential deacetylation was seen only in highly acetylated samples in the early stages of decay. Acetylated samples showed increased hygroscopicity in sorption measurements as a result of R. placenta degradation, particularly at high relative humidity in desorption from the undried decaying state. The increase was very strong in the highly acetylated samples and took place at low mass losses, indicating that it may be at least partially related to the deacetylation of the wood material. Degradation also increased maximum cell wall moisture content, but the increase was stronger in the references than the acetylated samples, suggesting that the acetyl groups remaining in the samples continue to provide a cell wall bulking efect.
Forfattere
Lennart Noordermeer Terje Gobakken Johannes Breidenbach Rune Eriksen Erik Næsset Hans Ole Ørka Ole Martin BollandsåsSammendrag
Accurate field plot data on forest attributes are crucial in area-based forest inventories assisted by airborne laser scanning, providing an essential reference for calibrating predictive models. This study assessed how sample tree selection methods and plot data calculation methods affect the accuracy of field plot values of timber volume, Lorey’s mean height, and dominant height. We used data obtained from 12 420 circular sample plots of 250 m2, measured as part of the Norwegian national forest inventory and 45 local forest management inventories. We applied Monte Carlo simulations by which we tested various numbers of sample trees, methods to select sample trees, and methods to calculate plot-level values from tree-level measurements. Accuracies of plot values were statistically significantly affected by the number of sample trees, sample tree selection method, and calculation method. Obtained values of root mean square error ranged from 5% to 16% relative to the mean observed values, across the factors studied. Accuracy improved with increasing numbers of sample trees for all forest attributes. We obtained greatest accuracies by selecting sample trees with a probability proportional to basal area, and by retaining field-measured heights for sample trees and using heights predicted with a height-diameter model for non-sample trees. This study highlights the importance of appropriate sample tree selection methods and calculation methods in obtaining accurate field plot data in area-based forest inventories.
Forfattere
Monica Sanden Eirill Ager-Wick Johanna Eva Bodin Nur Duale Anne-Marthe Ganes Jevnaker Kristian Prydz Volha Shapaval Ville Erling Sipinen Tage ThorstensenSammendrag
The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) has assessed an application for approval of the genetically modified maize DAS1131 for food and feed uses, import and processing in the EU. In accordance with an assignment specified by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) and the Norwegian Environment Agency (NEA), VKM assesses whether genetically modified organisms (GMOs) intended for the European market can pose risks to human or animal health, or the environment in Norway. VKM assesses the scientific documentation regarding GMO applications seeking approval for use of GMOs as food and feed, processing, or cultivation. The EU Regulation 1829/2003/EC (Regulation) covers living GMOs that fall under the Norwegian Gene Technology Act, as well as processed food and feed from GMOs (dead material) that fall under the Norwegian Food Act. The regulation is currently not part of the EEA agreement or implemented in Norwegian law. Norway conducts its own assessments of GMO applications in preparation for the possible implementation of the Regulation. In accordance with the assignment by NFSA and NEA, VKM assesses GMO applications during scientific hearings initiated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), as well as after EFSA has published its own risk assessment of a GMO, up until EU member countries vote for or against approval in the EU Commission. The assignment is divided into three stages. (link) Genetically modified maize DAS1131 DAS1131 is a genetically modified maize developed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation. Maize DAS1131 plants contain the transgenes cry1Da2 and dgt-28 epsps which encode the protein Cry1Da2 and the enzyme DGT-28 EPSPS, respectively. Cry1Da2 provides resistance to certain susceptible Lepidopteran (order of butterflies and moths) pests and the enzyme DGT-28 EPSPS provides tolerance to glyphosate-based herbicides. VKM has assessed the documentation in application GMFF-2021-1530 and EFSA's scientific opinion on genetically modified maize DAS1131. VKM concludes that the applicant's scientific documentation for the genetically modified maize DAS1131 is satisfactory for risk assessment, and in accordance with EFSA guidelines for risk assessment of genetically modified plants for food or feed uses. The genetic modifications in maize DAS1131do not indicate an increased health or environmental risk in Norway compared with EU countries. EFSA's risk assessment is therefore sufficient also for Norwegian conditions. As no specific Norwegian conditions have been identified regarding properties of the genetically modified maize DAS1131, VKM's GMO panel has not performed a complete risk assessment of the maize. About the assignment: In stage 1, VKM shall assess the health and environmental risks of the genetically modified organism and derived products in connection with the EFSA scientific hearing of GMO applications. VKM shall review the scientific documentation that the applicant has submitted and possibly provide comments to EFSA. VKM must also consider: i) whether there are specific Norwegian conditions that could give other risks in Norway than those mentioned in the application, ii) whether the Norwegian diet presents a different health risk for the Norwegian population should the GMO be approved, compared to the European population, and iii) risks associated with co-existence with conventional and/or ecologic production of plants for GMOs seeking approval for cultivation. Relevant measures to ensure co-existence must also be considered. In stage 2, VKM shall assess whether comments from Norway have been satisfactorily answered by EFSA. In addition, VKM shall assess whether comments from other countries imply need for further follow-up. (...)
Sammendrag
I økologisk landbruk er det et mål at gårder med husdyr skal være mest mulig selvforsynt med fôr. Minimumskravet til egenprodusert fôr har over tid blitt høyere. Rapporten presenterer ni økologiske melkeproduksjonsbruk med produksjonsdata og gårdbrukernes tanker om og prioriteringer med hensyn til selvforsyning med fôr. Vi har beregnet ulike mål på gårdenes selvforsyningsgrad og diskuterer hvordan ulike strategier på gårdene virker inn på disse resultatene. De ni økologiske melkebrukene ble valgt ut for å representere ulike klimatiske forhold og tilnærminger til selvforsyning. Data ble samlet inn i 2018 gjennom intervjuer med gårdbrukerne. Resultatene viser at selvforsyning med fôr var et viktig mål for de økologiske melkeprodusentene, først og fremst styrt av egne verdier og mål for økologisk landbruk. Studien viser at ulike strategier kan brukes for å oppnå høy selvforsyningsgrad, avhengig av gårdens beliggenhet, arealgrunnlag, melkekvote og økonomiske situasjon. Bøndenes strategier for å øke eller beholde høy selvforsyningsgrad inneholdt ulike agronomiske tiltak: øke grovfôrkvaliteten gjennom forbedret gjødselhåndtering, drenering og oftere fornyelse av enga. Noen gårder kombinerte høy ytelse med egen produksjon av korn, proteinvekster og oljevekster, mens andre økte selvforsyningsgraden ved å redusere kraftfôrnivået. Alle gårdene i denne studien hadde en høy selvforsyningsgrad med fôr. I 2017 hadde alle over 70 % fôr fra gården eller regionen, medberegnet kraftfôr, som var kravet til regelverket som trådte i kraft i 2024. Selvforsyningsgraden til gårdene varierte mellom 61 % og 100 % på tørrstoffbasis når kun fôr produsert på gården ble inkludert, og mellom 78 % og 100 % når også norskprodusert fôr ble inkludert.
Forfattere
David Chludil Curt Almqvist Mats Berlin Arne Steffenrem Steven E. McKeand Jiří Korecký Jan Stejskal Jaroslav Čepl Fikret Isik Debojyoti Chakraborty Silvio Schueler Torsten Pook Christi Sagariya Milan LstibůrekSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Sean P Healey Zhiqiang Yang Angela M Erb Ryan Bright Grant M Domke Tracey S Frescino Crystal B SchaafSammendrag
Rapidly maturing frameworks for investing in and committing to mitigation of climate change through forest management have focused almost exclusively on the benefits of carbon sequestration, without accounting for collateral changes in geophysical factors such as surface albedo. Newly available 30 m albedo retrievals derived from imagery acquired by the Landsat 8 satellite, analyzed at 273 652 field plots monitored by the United States Forest Service, suggest that large areas of the US Inter-Mountain West’s forests have a net warming impact on the planet’s surface energy balance. For the conterminous US, the impacts of albedo offset approximately half of the recognized non-soil forest carbon storage benefit. The emerging capacity to resolve albedo evolution at the scale of a large number of inventory plots also provides unprecedented empirical evidence that albedo impacts vary strongly as a function of both tree age and species group. This research highlights a correctable source of uncertainty in operational monitoring of forest-climate interactions, and it may temper expectations for forest establishment as a means of mitigating global climate change.