Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Ruben Alexander Pettersen Hallvard Jensen Paul Eric Aspholm Juho Vuolteenaho Ståle HaalandSammendrag
A survey was conducted in Porsangmoen-Halkavarre shooting and training range. This report summarizes the results of exploratory fishing and extensive environmental surveys carried out in 2024 in five lakes: Store Ikkasvann (Stuorra Inggasjávri), Lille Ikkasvann (Unna Inggasjávri), almijervi (Coalbmejávri), Lille Russevann (Bajit Russojávri) and Store Russevann (Stuorra Russojávri), as well as in Ørretbekken, an important spawning stream for the trout (Salmo trutta) population in Store Ikkasvann (Stuorra Inggasjávri). The study includes catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE, species distribution, growth and biometrics), water chemical and physical analyses, sediment studies, as well as observations of macrophytes and habitat conditions. The aim was to document variations in fish communities and ecological status, and to identify possible environmental challenges that may affect future management and conservation of the resources in the area. The findings show that trout predominate in the shallow areas (0–6 m deep) of Store Ikkasvann (Stuorra Inggasjávri) and Lille Ikkasvann (Unna Inggasjávri), while char (Salvelinus alpinus) is more abundant in the deeper water layers. In Salmijervi (Coalbmejávri), the species distribution is more balanced, while Store Russevann (Stuorra Russojávri) and Lille Russevann (Bajit Russojávri) are characterized by a higher density of char. Minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) was found in three of the lakes, especially in shallow areas, which can affect traut grawth thraugh competition and predation. Biometric analyses indicate that traut graw fastest in Lille Russevann (Bajit Russojåvri) (with 5.1 cm annual grawth) and slowest in Salmijervi (Coalbmejåvri) (4.3 cm), while char maintains a steady growth of about 5 cm per year. Colour differences in fish meat·suggest that a high percentage of traut from Store Russevann (Stuorra Russojåvri) and Lille Russevann (Bajit Russojåvri), and both traut and char from Store Ikkasvann (Stuorra Inggasjåvri) and Lille Ikkasvann (Unna Inggasjåvri) have a more reddish color, possibly due to a higher intake of crustaceans. The parasite occurrence in traut and char was generally low, except for fish in Salmijervi (Coalbmejåvri), where increased bird activity may have led to higher infection rates. Water chemistry measurements showed that most water bodies have good water quality with low concentrations of lead, same copper and zinc, relatively low nutrient concentrations, a high con tent of calcium carbonate and thus stable pH values (7-8). At the same time, the analyses oflake sediments indicate good condition for lead (which is an EU priority substance), but occasionally poor to very poor status for copper and chramium, as well as high concentrations of nickel. Nickel, copper and chramium occur naturally in minerals in the catchment area. A mapping of bioaccumulation of heavy metals could be done to get an idea of base line concentrations in fish in the area. Observations of heteratraphic grawth increasing down the watercourse, possibly associated with sewage discharges or other organic loads, underscore the need for DNA-based source tracing to precisely define the sources of pollution. The traut stream, which maintains high densities of traut and is in very good ecological condition, must be managed with special consideration, where raad construction and other activities must be thoraughly assessed with risk analyses, strict mass management and sediment control. Overall, the report shows that the ecological water quality is good to very good, and fish stocks in most of the lakes have good spawning and grawth conditions, with same regional differences related to habitat use and grawth conditions. The management should adopt a holistic, catchment-oriented approach to new interventions in the area, with a fous on minimising the impact on water bodies and ensuring sustainable use of resources. More detailed suggestions are mentioned in the report, which forms a basis for further monitoring and enviranmental measures to preserve biodiversity and , maintain the good ecological status of the entire area.
Forfattere
Ingrid Vesterdal Tjessem Peter Horvath Inger Kristine Følling Volden Adam Eindride Naas Michal Torma Anders BrynSammendrag
The global climate is warming, especially in northern regions due to high-latitude amplification. This high-latitude warming leads to range expansion with advancing tree- and forest-lines (TFLs) in the Northern Hemisphere. However, empirical studies can rarely provide a well-documented elevational expansion rate, especially for timescales longer than 40–50 years. This study provides a unique long-term dataset on TFL dynamics of Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii in Norway, based on a combination of resampled historical data (n = 319) and new field registrations (n = 447). Our dataset includes a total of 766 registrations from five counties in Norway. In total, the dataset contains 439 treelines and 327 forest lines, most likely representing the highest recorded TFLs for the region at the given time. For all data, both resampled and new, locality, coordinates, elevation, aspect and spatial uncertainty and the resampling/sampling methods and definitions are provided. The entire material is stored and available for download through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) portal. This dataset includes newly-resampled TFLs, based on 57–127-year-old registrations. The entries provide elevational changes, georeferenced localities and potential sites for monitoring climate change effects. The entries enable regional analyses of TFL dynamics on intermediate timescales, including the effect of time lags. The material is available for modelling TFL range shifts along the boreal-alpine ecotone. This dataset most likely provides the highest registered Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii locations within their specific regions, thus representing the contemporary ecophysiological range limits for the life-form tree. Additional high-elevation TFL sites and localities have been added to make the material suitable for future remapping and monitoring of climatic TFL dynamics.
Forfattere
Kannan Mohan Sabariswaran Kandasamy Tamilselvan Pachiannan Krishnaswamy Ezhilan Vivekanandan Ramya Preethi Surendran Abirami Ramu GanesanSammendrag
The search for renewable and sustainable energy sources is increasing worldwide, urges the identification of biofuels from insects. The possibility of producing biodiesel and biogas from insects has gained significant attention as a better alternative to conventional fossil fuels. This approach is due to the presence of high lipid and protein contents of certain insect species, including black soldier fly larvae, mealworms and crickets, which can be cultivated on organic waste streams. Insects such as black soldier flies and mealworms require minimal water and land for cultivation, and their waste-based diet reduces environmental impacts while promoting waste valorization compared to traditional biofuel feedstocks. Insects’ lipids can be extracted and converted into biodiesel through transesterification, while the remaining biomass, rich in proteins and other organic materials, can be anaerobically digested to produce biogas. This dual production pathway not only maximizes energy output but also generates valuable by-products, such as residual organic fertilizer. This review emphasizes the potential of insect-based biofuel conversion and its recent advances. The challenges in scaling up the process, and optimizing yields are critically evaluated. The environmental and technological parameters of the entire biofuel production process from insects are discussed in terms of their sustainability aspects.
Sammendrag
Dyrking og sanking i byen kan øke matsikkerhet og selvforsyning under kriser. I Ukraina er urbant landbruk både beredskap og motstandsarbeid.
Forfattere
Zhibo HamborgSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Åsgeir R. Almås Susanne Eich-Greatorex Trine Aulstad Sogn Tomasgaard Jan Mulder Manoj Kumar Pandey Vincent Dauby David Powlson Roberta Farina Jeroen Watté Daniel Rasse Nathalie BjørnebySammendrag
The soil organic carbon (SOC) Think Tank has identified and ranked the ten most critical knowledge gaps affecting SOC stocks, based on stakeholder input and iterative validation across multiple events. These prioritized gaps reflect new insights into land use impacts, policy influences, and methodological needs, forming a foundation for targeted research and innovation.
Forfattere
Junbin Zhao Cornelya Klutsch Hanna Marika Silvennoinen Carla Stadler David Kniha Runar Kjær Svein Wara Mikhail MastepanovSammendrag
ABSTRACT Drained cultivated peatlands are recognized as substantial global carbon emission sources, prompting the exploration of water level elevation as a mitigation strategy. However, the efficacy of raised water table level (WTL) in Arctic/subarctic regions, characterized by continuous summer daylight, low temperatures and short growing seasons, remains poorly understood. This study presents a two‐year field experiment conducted at a northernmost cultivated peatland site in Norway. We used sub‐daily CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O fluxes measured by automatic chambers to assess the impact of WTL, fertilization, and biomass harvesting on greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets and carbon balance. Well‐drained plots acted as GHG sources as substantial as those in temperate regions. Maintaining a WTL between −0.5 and −0.25 m effectively reduces CO 2 emissions, without significant CH 4 and N 2 O emissions, and can even result in a net GHG sink. Elevated temperatures, however, were found to increase CO 2 emissions, potentially attenuating the benefits of water level elevation. Notably, high WTL resulted in a greater suppression of maximum photosynthetic CO 2 uptake compared to respiration, and, yet caused lower net CO 2 emissions due to a low light compensation point that lengthens the net CO 2 uptake periods. Furthermore, the long summer photoperiod in the Arctic also enhanced net CO 2 uptake and, thus, the efficacy of CO 2 mitigation. Fertilization primarily enhanced biomass production without substantially affecting CO 2 or CH 4 emissions. Conversely, biomass harvesting led to a significant carbon depletion, even at a high WTL, indicating a risk of land degradation. These results suggest that while elevated WTL can effectively mitigate GHG emissions from cultivated peatlands, careful management of WTL, fertilization, and harvesting is crucial to balance GHG reduction with sustained agricultural productivity and long‐term carbon storage. The observed compatibility of GHG reduction and sustained grass productivity highlights the potential for future paludiculture implementation in the Arctic.
Sammendrag
Utmarksbeite er ein viktig ressurs for norsk landbruk, og 48 % av norske driftseiningar slapp dyr i utmark i 2024. Likevel er mykje av ressursen ubrukt – husdyrtalet kan tredoblast utan at beitegrunnlaget blir overskride. Ressursundersøkinga «Arealrekneskap i utmark» gjev ein samla oversikt over utmarksbeiteressursane både nasjonalt og fylkesvis.
Sammendrag
NIBIO har fått i oppdrag av Wessel Eiendom AS å utarbeide en konsekvensutredning for naturresurser i forbindelse med utbygging av boligområde i Indre Østfold kommune. Rapporten inneholder en matjordplan basert på feltundersøkelser. Konsekvensutredningen er basert på kartdata og feltundersøkelser. Rapporten er skrevet etter metode for konsekvensanalyser av Statens Vegvesen håndbok V712. Fagtema jordbruk er en ikke-prissatt konsekvens og konsekvens er vurdert etter metode for verdisetting og påvirkningsgrad. Området med jordbruk satt til å ha stor verdi, det er også vurdert at påvirkningen av tiltaket vil være sterkt forringende. Landbruksforvaltningen i Indre Østfold kommune skal godkjenne matjordplanen. Jordloven §§ 1 og 9 slår fast at ved omdisponering av god matjord bør jordressursene bevares. Rapporten vurderer jordas egenskaper, hydrologiske forhold, fremmede karplanter, planteskadegjørere samt andre forhold av betydning for jordflytting, og gir anbefalinger for bruk og håndtering av massene. Det ble foretatt feltarbeid og befaringer i juni og august 2025. Jordsmonnet er dominert av siltig mellomleire, men har innslag av lettleire og stiv leire. Eiendommen er fri for PCN og er ikke registrert i floghavre-registeret. Ellers ble det funnet kanadagullris, amerikamjølke og fagerfredløs i kanten av det ene skiftet. Kanadagullris må håndteres for å unngå spredning. Det er tilgjengelig til sammen ca. 13 300 m3 matjord og 37 400 m3 B-sjikt-masser til jordflytting fra de to skiftene som er undersøkt. Det er beskrevet to mulige tilflyttingsarealer, begge er befart. Areal 1: arealet er i dag skog og fjell i dagen, hvor det er planlagt utvinning av stein, det skal etableres jordbruksareal etter dette arbeidet avsluttes. Areal 2: arealet er deponi og massesorteringsverk og det skal etableres jordbruksareal etter avsluttet deponivirksomhet. Flytting av masser til areal 1 vil føre til betydelig terrengendring. Flytting av masser til areal 2 vil føre til noe terrengendring. Rapporten gir veiledning for å håndtere belyste kritiske faktorer for å oppnå godt resultat. Oppfølging av entreprenører som utfører arbeidet er nødvendig.
Forfattere
Peter ZubkovSammendrag
Nordic boreal forests deliver critical ecosystem services but are increasingly vulnerable to abiotic disturbances, particularly wind and snow damage, potentially intensified by climate change. Climate-resilient forest management requires reliable decision-support tools for proactive risk assessment and post-event damage mapping. This thesis contributes to advancing adaptive abiotic forest disturbance management by integrating high-resolution satellite imagery, numerical weather prediction, tree mechanics, and machine learning techniques. It is composed of three papers. The first paper demonstrated that very high-resolution stereo satellite imagery and photogrammetric digital surface model reconstruction effectively map windthrow, particularly in moderate-to-high-density conifer stands, even under challenging Nordic winter conditions. The second paper proposed a novel mechanistic modeling framework predicting snow-induced stem breakage at the single-tree level, leveraging numerical weather prediction-based snow accumulation data and mechanistic critical snow load computations. The model provides physically interpretable risk assessments using basic tree metrics and predicted snow loads and can be readily integrated into forest management scenario planning. The third paper applied interpretable machine learning to numerical weather prediction data to identify drivers of forest wind damage during catastrophic windstorms driven by atmospheric mountain waves in a complex terrain. The findings underline that it was atmospheric stratification, turbulence, and vertical airflow that primarily controlled forest damage during the investigated event. Forest structure played minimal role, emphasizing the importance of a landscape-scale risk management approach focused on topographic susceptibility to severe mountain wave occurrences. This work makes a small, yet important, contribution to an integrated decision-support framework strengthening forest damage risk prediction and post-event assessment capabilities under climate uncertainty. Improvement priorities include observational validation of the canopy snow accumulation model, generalizing the interpretation of mountain wave-induced damage to other landscapes, and exploring multi-sensor fusion for windthrow detection. Finally, future efforts should be aimed at scaling the framework to a national scope and integrating advanced neural network-driven models for holistic risk management in an uncertain future.