Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Sammendrag
Foredraget tar utgangspunkt i IPM - "Intelligent Plant Management" / "Integrated Pest Mangement" og diskuterer hvilke tiltak greenkeeperer og banemestre kan skjøtte sine arealer med minst mulig bruk av plantevernmidler. Overskriftene er: ¨ 1. Man må kjenne sine fiender: De viktigste ugras og sjukdommer i sportgress 2. Rett art og sort 3. En sterk grasplante har lagringsreserver og deler karbohydrater med sine underjordiske venner. 4. Røtter trenger luft 5. Optimal gjødsling
Forfattere
Jane Uhd Jepsen Lauri Teemu Kapari Snorre Hagen Tino Schott Ole Petter Laksforsmo Vindstad Arne Claus Nilssen Rolf Anker ImsSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Peder GjerdrumSammendrag
Scaling accuracy is of utmost importance to obtain optimal yield in log breakdown. In this paper we have combined sawmill experience, a review of available publications and supplementary observations to analyse the accuracy of roundwood scaling for Norway spruce and Scots pine. The influence of ovality, bark thickness variation and bark damage were analysed for scaling in one-directional and two- directional shadow scanners, and for three-dimensional (3D) reflected beam scanners. The overall accuracy for diameter under bark can be calculated by adding the variances for each independent term. For unbarked logs, shadow scanners with two perpendicular directions are most accurate. Results show that 3D scanners are most accurate, provided used for barked logs. For a case study, transferring from scaling unbarked logs in a two-dimensional shadow scanner to a full 3D scan of barked logs reduced annual roundwood consumption by 2.0%.
Sammendrag
This paper analyzes the capabilities of three different governance regimes for adequately handling uncertain and unknown effects of genetically modified (GM) crops. Adequate handling requires the development of sound procedures for identification of uncertainty and ignorance (U&I), reduction of U&I, decisions on how to treat irreducible U&I and monitoring of unexpected effects. The nature of U&I implies, however, that these procedures will be highly incomplete. Governance mechanisms that facilitate cooperative adaptation and communicative rationality are therefore needed. The three governance regimes (GRs) compared are: GM-crops are produced by private firms and these firms are made liable for harm (GR1); GM-crops are produced by private firms and the government decides whether the crops should be marketed (GR2); and GM-crops are produced and the government decides whether the crops should be marketed (GR3). The effect of bringing the civil society into the decision-making process is also analyzed. GR3 will be stronger in cooperative adaptation and communicative rationality than GR2. Public research organizations have fewer conflicts of interest with the government than private firms, and academic norms are important. Difficulties in proving harm and identifying the responsible firm will make GR1 weak in cooperative adaptation and communicative rationality.
Forfattere
Eldrid Lein MoltebergSammendrag
I de nye kostrådene fra Nasjonalt råd for ernæring er poteten tatt ut fra anbefalingen om å spise 5 porsjoner daglig med grønnsaker, frukt og bær. Begrunnelsen er manglende dokumentasjon omkring helseeffekt av poteter. Dette har skapt engasjement, blant annet i Fagforum Potet, som ønsker å få frem argumenter for potet som en sunn matvare. Intensjonen med de nye kostrådene har vært å bedre den norske folkehelsen. Fagforum Potet mener at å fjerne poteten fra anbefalingene vil virke mot sin hensikt. Norge har allerede et av Europas laveste potetforbruk samtidig som negativ fokus i media har gjort at mange ikke regner poteten som sunn. Dette kan bli forsterket når potet ikke lenger anbefales inkludert i "5 om dagen". Fagforum Potet mener at den negative omtalen i høyeste grad er ufortjent, og at redusert potetforbruk på sikt kan påvirke folkehelsen negativt. Det er tvert imot mange gode grunner til å anbefale potet som en sunn og næringsrik bestanddel i kostholdet. Poteten tilfredsstiller mange av de generelle kjennetegnene til frukt og grønt, som lav energitetthet og gunstig ernæringsmessig sammensetning, I tillegg gir den lite miljøbelastning i form av CO2. Den er også en viktig kulturbærer i Norge, med sin gode smak og unike variasjonsmuligheter.
Forfattere
Marte Haave Annette Bernhard Finn Konow Jellestad Einar Heegaard Trond Brattelid Anne-Katrine LundebyeSammendrag
Background: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widespread in the environment, human food and breast milk. Seafood is known to contain nutrients beneficial for the normal development and function of the brain, but also contaminants such as PCBs which are neurotoxic. Exposure to non-coplanar PCBs during brain development can disrupt spontaneous behaviour in mice and lead to hyperactive behaviour. Humans are chronically exposed to the highest relative levels of organochlorines in early childhood during brain development, though usually at doses which do not give clinical symptoms of toxicity. This study aimed to elucidate the developmental and behavioural effects of 2,2',4,4',5,5' hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153) in mice, mimicking human exposure during gestation and lactation. Methods: Environmentally relevant doses of PCB153 were added to the experimental diets. Feed concentrations were approximately 0.5, 6.5, and 1500 μg PCB153/kg feed, representing a realistic and a worst case scenario of frequent consumption of contaminated fish. The study also investigated the effects of maternal nutrition, i.e. a standard rodent diet versus a high inclusion of salmon. Mice pups were examined for physical- and reflex development, sensorimotor function and spontaneous behaviour from five days after birth until weaning. A selection of pups were followed until 16 weeks of age and tested for open field behaviour and the acoustic startle response (ASR) with prepulse inhibition (PPI). Blood thyroid hormones and liver enzymes, blood lipids and PCB153 content in fat were examined at 16 weeks. Statistical analyses modelled the three way interactions of diet, PCB exposure and litter size on behaviour, using generalized linear models (GLM) and linear mixed effect models (LME). The litter was used as a random variable. Non-parametric tests were used for pair wise comparisons of biochemical analyses. Results: Litter size consistently influenced pup development and behaviour. Few lasting PCB153 related changes were observed, but results indicated effects on synchronization of physical development. Perinatal PCB153 exposure appeared to reduce habituation and cause aggression in males, though not statistically significant. Conclusions: Litter size and maternal diet influenced physical development and function more than PCB153 in perinatally exposed mouse pups and supports the developmental importance of maternal care and the social environment.
Forfattere
Audun Helge Nerland Per Brandtzæg Merethe Aasmo Finne Askild Lorentz Holck Juho Junttila Heidi Sjursen Konestabo Richard Meadow Arne Mikalsen Kaare Magne Nielsen Hilde-Gunn Opsahl Sorteberg Monica Sanden Åshild Kristine Andreassen Rose VikseSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne Bøen Ola HanserudSammendrag
Mined phosphorus (P) is introduced to food production from mineral fertilizers and feedstuffs, where fertilizer is the most important. Only a small part of this P ends up on our forks. The agricultural soil itself is the most important sink for mined P in Norway. An extensive surplus of manure P in livestock-dense areas is one of the factors explaining lack of efficiency in P utilization in plant production. However, on the way from the fields to the fork phosphorus is lost in many waste streams - the most important being slaughtering waste. In addition to slaughtering waste, wastewater is the dominant sink for phosphorus from society. As a seafood producer, Norway also harvests considerable amounts of P from the sea – which is an interesting alternative source of P. There are large potentials in replacing mined P with recycled P, and the poster depicts some of the future phosphorus loops looked into in Norway.
Forfattere
Bernt-Håvard ØyenSammendrag
Med uttrykket klimaskoger menes skogkledde arealer som i et langsiktig perspektiv forvaltes for å oppta CO2 fra atmosfæren. Det er i kyststrøkene fra Rogaland til Finnmark at det i første rekke finnes arealer som kan benyttes som klimaskoger. Valg av treslag har svært stor betydning for CO2-binding...
Forfattere
Venche TalgøSammendrag
I lyngkledde åsar i Cornwall visnar blåbærlyngen ned på grunn av Phytophthora kernoviae og P. ramorum. Begge skadegjerarane har etter alt å døma spreidd seg frå infiserte hageplanter. Denne artikkelen rapporterer frå ein felttur i Cornwall, og er den første av to artiklar om Phytophthora-skade på lignosar i sørvest England. Neste artikkel vil omhandla skade på skog.