Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2005
Sammendrag
Some high density sweet cherry orchards in Norway suffer from decay of trees resulting in death or reduced vigour of trees. A survey has been conducted monitoring healthy and infected trees from several orchards. The nutritional statuses of the soil and in the trees were in general in accordance with general accommodation. Different species of root nematodes were identified with levels above the damage of thresholds. Neither insects, diseases, bacterials nor virus were registered as the main reason for this dieback. However, differences between cultivars and rootstocks sensitivity were observed. In order to investigate this cherry tree decay further, new field trials were established in 2001 with trees of the cultivars Van and Kristin grafted on the two rootstocks Prunus avium seedling and Colt and trained as a central leader trees. Two parallel trials were planted; one in the soil of on old cherry orchard and the other in the soil from agricultural land where no fruit production has been conducted in advance. During the first years significant larger annual vegetative growth measured as trunk cross sectional area and annual shoot growth were registered from the trees growing in the agricultural soil. In the replanted cherry soil, trees grafted on the rootstock Colt grew more vigorously than the seedling rootstock based on leaf areas and shoot growth measurements. The first significant crop is expected in 2005.
Forfattere
Mekjell MelandSammendrag
Ei feltforsøk med intensive plantesystem med plommesortane `Edda", "Opal" og "Mallard" (Prunus domestica L.) poda på grunnstamma St. Julien A vart planta i 1993 ved Bioforsk Ullensvang. Fire ulike plantesystem (vertikal akse, fri spindel, hekk og Y-forma og tre plantetettleikar (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 x 4 m ) for dei Y- og hekk- forma trea og 2.0 x 4 m for dei to andre treformene vart prøvde. Trea hadde god tilvekst med tidleg avling. Stammearealet på trea auka proporsjonalt med planteavstanden og avlinga med plantetettleiken. Etter ni år var avlinga størt hjå dei Y-forma trea med tettaste planteavstand. Det var ikkje funne skilnad i fruktstorleiken hjå dei ulike soratene mellom dei ulike treformene eller plantetettleikane. Innhaldet av oppløyst tørrstoff i fruktene var generelt høgt. Sorten "Opal " hadde dei minste fruktene og lågare innhald av oppløyst tørrstoff enn dei andre sortane.
Forfattere
Arnfinn Nes Bjørn Hageberg Jørn HaslestadSammendrag
Bærstorleiken var ikkje påverka av ulik høgd på bringebærskota eller av tal skot pr meter rad. Avlinga pr dekar auka om lag 5 prosent når skota vart toppa over 160 cm samanlikna med 140 cm. Når tal skot auka frå 6 til 10 pr meter rad, auka avlinga pr dekar med nesten 40 prosent, men avling pr skot vart litt redusert. Det vart ikkje funna skilnader i skotsjukdomar eller knoppkvalitet.
Forfattere
Øystein Sogn Jon Magne HoltenSammendrag
I dag produseres det nok mat i verden til å mette alle. Likevel sulter nær én mrd. mennesker. Årsakene til den manglende matsikkerheten skyldes i hovedsak politiske, økonomiske og sosiale forhold som for eksempel fattigdom, sosial uro og manglende kjøpekraft - og ikke produsert mengde mat. Ei rekke eksempler fra utviklingsland har vist at økologiske landbruksmetoder har økt matsikkerheten, avlingene og inntektene blant fattige småbrukere som nettopp er de med høyest mat-usikkerhet. Med vektlegging av biodiversitet, resirkulering av næringsstoffer, synergier mellom planter, dyr og jord, samt bevaring og regenerering av naturressursene bidrar økologisk landbruk i utviklingsland til produksjon av trygg og variert mat. Først og fremst lokalt på gården og for lokale markeder, men også for eksport. Økologisk landbruk er bærekraftig på lang sikt.
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Hans Martin Hanslin Bjørn Molteberg Odd Andersen Erling Stubhaug Åge Susort Anne A. Steensohn Frank EngerSammendrag
The effect of various fertilizers and biostimulant on turfgrass establishment, tiller density, colour, overall quality (= visual merit), disease occurrence, thatch accumulation, and root development was evaluated on a new USGA green, a new sand-based football field, and a two year old USGA green at three locations in SE Norway in 2005. Within each trial, all treatments were adjusted to the same total nitrogen rate (2.5, 3.0 and 1.75 kg N/100 m2 on the new golf green, new football field and existing golf green, respectively), but application intervals and total inputs of other nutrients varied according to the recommendations of the fertilizer companies participating in the project. Fertilizer programmes consisting of the inorganic products Arena® (small granules), Fullgjødsel®, and a combination of the two, always applied at biweekly intervals, were used as control treatments on the two year old golf green, the new football field, and the new golf green, respectively. On the new USGA green at Landvik, incorporation of the 100% organic product Sustane or the partly organic product Turf Food into the seedbed before sowing significantly increased turfgrass establishment rate compared to the control treatment. The higher N availability of these treatments, and of a treatment receiving the organic, but easily decomposable product Gro-Power®, was further verified by soil samples taken during grow-in. However, on average for the establishment year and given the longer application intervals, Sustane, Turf Food, the partly organic product Bio Kombi and the seaweed-based products Golf Algin S / Algin Food S, all resulted in quality, tiller density and colour ratings significantly lower than in the control treatment. This was the case also for the liquid fertilizer Flex" which was applied at the same frequency as the control. The effects of adding the seaweed product Maxicrop" to the control treatment, or adding of the mycorrhiza product Endo Roots to the Turf Food treatment, were also not significant. The only treatment that caused an overall impression slightly better than the control was the substitution of some of the Arena® with Gro-Power®, but even this difference was not significant. In late autumn, plots receiving organic fertilizers and biostimulants tended to be more infected by Pythium spp. and Microdichium nivale than the control treatment. On the new football field at Særheim, the mostly organic product ProGreen resulted in faster grow-in than Golf Algin S / Golf Algin Food and Fullgjødsel®, which , in turn, caused faster establishment than Flex". Differences during summer were not significant, but in autumn turfgrass colour and overall quality tended to be better on plots receiving Flex" or the combination of ProGreen and the biostimulant Activo 3-3-6 than on control plots receiving Fullgjødsel®. On the two year old USGA green at Apelsvoll, the colour and overall quality of the Flex" treatment tended to be inferior to the control treatment throughout the growing season. While a double application of the biostimulant GoGreen 2-0-10 + Fe caused a significant improvement in turfgrass colour in autumn, the highest overall quality was usually recorded on plots receiving ammoniumsulfate plus Arena® Høst. The project will continue for another evaluation year. Given that the total nitrogen remain the same in all treatments, participating companies will be allowed to make minor adjustments in the way their products are used in the experiments.
Sammendrag
De nye Debioreglene krever større areal og tett liggeunderlag til sau i økologisk drift. Trelemmer i to etasjer (køyesenger) kan være en måte å tilfredsstille kravene på. Et pilotprosjekt viste at eldre søyer som ikke var vant med denne type innredning benyttet seg av køyesengene i svært liten grad. Resultater fra utprøving på 1/2 år gamle livlam som ikke hadde vært oppstallet innendørs før, viste at disse benyttet seg av køyesengene i langt større grad enn hva de voksne søyene gjorde (p
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Bjørn Molteberg Anne A. Steensohn Åge Susort Frank EngerSammendrag
Til sammen 43 sorter av 6 ulike grasarter ble prøvd på USGA golf greener på Landvik (Grimstad) og Apelsvoll (Toten) fra 2003 til og med 2005. Feltene ble stelt som golfgreen med klipping til 4.5 mm for rødsvingel og 3 mm for kvein og tunrapp, daglig slitasje, gjødsling annenhver uke, vertikalskjæring, topdressing m.m. Feltene ble bedømt for helhetsinntrykk annenhver uke og ellers for dekningsprosent, skuddtetthet, farge, sjukdom og høydetilvekst en gang pr måned. Forsøka viste at følgede sorter kan anbefales på golfgreener i Skandinavia (i prioritert rekkefølge innafor hver art): Nordlige, kontinentale områder: Hundekvein "Avalon" og "CIS AC1"; krypkvein "Nordlys", "Penncross", "Bueno", "Penn G1" og "Independence"; engkvein "Jorvik", "Leirin", "KvAt 96" og "Nor" ; rødsvingel med korte utløpere "Baroyal" og "Cezanne"; rødsvingel uten utløpere "Kiruna", "Darwin", "Soberana", "Bargreen", "Center" og "Barbirdie". Sørlige, kystnære områder: Hundekvein "Greenwich", "CIS AC1" og "Avalon", krypkvein "Independence", "Penn G1", "Nordlys", "Penn A1" og "Penn G6" ; engkvein "Jorvik", "Barking", "Denso" og "Bardot"; rødsvingel med korte utløpere "Cezanne" og "Barcrown"; rødsvingel uten utløpere "Calliope", "Center", "Barbirdie", "Kiruna", "Rossignol" og "Bargreen". tunrapp "TruePutt" kan ikke anbefales i noe område av Skandinavia.
Forfattere
Tor Håkon SivertsenSammendrag
In spring 2004 it was started a pilot project for determining the lengths of the periods of leaf wetness duration in apple orchards in a small region of commercial fruit growing in the county of Telemark in Southern Norway. In this area it is placed four automated meteorological stations (hourly values). The measurement of precipitation is made by two weather radars in pixel areas of 1x1km. In this pilot project the periods of leaf wetness duration is calculated at the 15 sites ( 15 orchards) using hourly measurements from the automated stations and the two weather radars. The quality of the measurements of precipitation from the weather radars is compared to rain gauge measurements of precipitation at the four automated stations. The concept of quality of meteorological measurements is shortly defined and discussed. Also the possibilities making the quality of the radar measurements better in the future is discussed.
Forfattere
Åshild Ergon Cheng Fang Øyvind Jørgensen Trygve S. Aamlid Odd Arne RognliSammendrag
The "BF14/16 x HF2/7" mapping population of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) was characterised for number of panicles produced by non-vernalised plants in the field, vernalisation requirement (number of weeks at 6°C and 8h photoperiod), as well as days to heading, number of panicles and proportion of shoots heading after a 12 weeks vernalisation treatment. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified and compared to QTLs and genes related to the induction of flowering in cereals and grasses. A region on chromosome 1F affected days to heading and the proportion of shoots heading. Chromosome 4F appeared to have several genes with a strong effect on vernalisation requirement. The strongest effects were located in the proximal end ofn 4F and may correspond to the earliness per se (eps) QTL eps6L.2 in barley and a heading time QTL in perennial ryegrass. A part of the meadow fescue ortholog of VRN1 was sequenced and mapped to another region of 4F that also had a strong effect on vernalisation requirement. The proximal end of chromosome 5F had QTLs for days to heading and proportion of heading shoots. Syntenic regions in wheat and barley contain eps-loci. A QTL for number of panicles in the field and a QTL for proportion of heading shoots were present on chromosome 6. A region on 7F affected the variation in number of panicles among plants without a vernalisation requirement, and is syntenic to regions in perennial ryegrass, barley and rice containing orthologs of A. thaliana CO.
Sammendrag
Intensive harvesting, as compared to no harvesting, favoured N transfer to the leaves on the expense of stolon and root biomass production. Independently of treatment, about 75 % of the N present in leaves in the autumn was lost, while N stored in stolons and, particularly, in roots was conserved much better. However, the stolons of intensively harvested plants seemed to be less winter hardy and lost more N (55%) than did undisturbed (21%) and less intensively harvested plants (13%). Relative plant growth and N uptake rate in spring were almost equal for all treatments. The amount of inorganic N in soil after snowmelt and mineralization of white clover-derived N during the spring was small, suggesting that leaching and gas emissions may have been important N pathways.