Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2012
Forfattere
Mozetic Vodopivec alena gibalova Eivind VangdalSammendrag
During the picking season in the Norwegian plum production areas, the harvested plums are brought to cold storage in packing houses once or twice a day. Plums picked late in the afternoon may even not be cooled properly until the next day. The average time from picking until the plums are placed in a cold storage is approximately 8 hours. Previous reports have shown that delayed cooling of sweet cherries and apples reduced the fruits’ susceptibility to physiological or fungal decay. An experiment was performed in order to evaluate the impact of different delay-to-cold storage times (0, 5, 10, 15 and 25 hours) on quality and phenolic contents changes of Norwegian ‘Mallard’ plums during cold storage, transport, and retail in normal atmosphere (NA). The fruits (10 fruits in PE tray, n=3) were stored for 14 days at 1°C, followed by 3 days at 7°C and then for 4 days at 20°C. Fruit quality parameters (firmness, colour in CIE L, a*, b* colour space, weight, rot occurrence (%)) and total phenol and anthocyanin content were determined. Samples were analyzed just before cold storage and then after 14 days at 1°C, 3 days at 7°C, or 4 days at 20°C. Evaluation of results has shown that delay of cooling has a retarding effect on rot development during 20°C storage (post cold transport), weight loss and stimulates anthocyanin accumulation and colour changes to some extent. At the end of storage no effect on fruit firmness could be observed.
Forfattere
Kjersti Holt HanssenSammendrag
Rapporten presenterer resultater fra en undersøkelse om skader i skogplantefelt etter gnag fra gransnutebille (Hylobius abietis). Til sammen 154 foryngelsesfelt på Sør- og Østlandet ble undersøkt, de fleste på høsten 2010, og noen vår 2011. Denne oppdragsrapporten omhandler spesielt resultatene fra 55 felt i Hedmark og Oppland fylker. Snutebillene ser ut til å være til stede i alle områder i innlandsfylkene. Det er imidlertid stor variasjon mellom felt. I snitt kommer Oppland godt ut, med stort sett liten avgang (4 %) og relativt beskjedne skader (14 % av plantene har snutebillegnag). Hedmark ligger omtrent på gjennomsnittet blant fylkene, med henholdsvis 6 % avgang på grunn av snutebiller og 22 % planter med gnag. Lokalt i Hedmark finnes det imidlertid områder med mye skader, særlig i Glåmdalen og rundt Mjøsa. Planter som hadde stått i felt i to sesonger hadde mer enn dobbelt så stor avgang som de som kun hadde stått en sesong. Gjennomsnittlig avgang vil derfor til slutt bli større enn det som er presentert i denne undersøkelsen. Plantetypen hadde betydning ved at 1-årige M95-planter hadde mer skader og høyere dødelighet enn de større plantetypene 2-årige M95 og M60. Høstplanting kom positivt ut for feltene i Hedmark og Oppland. Snutebiller er den vanligste årsaken til avgang i plantefelt på Østlandet, men i perioder vil andre faktorer også bety mye. Smågnagerår er et eksempel på det, og vinteren 2010/2011 var det stor planteavgang i noen felt på grunn av musegnag.
Sammendrag
Sydowia polyspora is a pathogenic, seed borne fungus on conifers [1]. It is especially troublesome in the Christmas tree industry, where it causes current season needle necrosis (CSNN) on fir (Abies spp.). Needles get chlorotic spots or bands and in severe cases the entire needles turn necrotic and shed. The fungus also commonly kills current year shoots (Sclerophoma shoot dieback) on both fir and spruce (Picea spp.). The latter we proved on subalpine fir (A. lasiocarpa) inoculated by S. polyspora from noble fir (Abies procera) seeds. Two conifer seed lots known from previous tests to contain a high percentage of S. polyspora were selected for a treatment experiment; alpine pine (Pinus mugo var. rotundata) and Noble fir. Both seed lots received the following five treatments; surface sterilized (10 sec. in 70 % ethanol plus 90 sec. in 0,5 % NaOCl), dipped in 15 % acidic acid, mixed with 0,36 gram Signum (boskalid and pyraklostrobin) per 100 gram seeds, mixed with 0,8 gram Mycostop (Streptomyces griseovirides) per 100 gram seeds, dipped in different concentrations of thyme oil (extracted from Thymus vulgaris), and control (no treatment). Based on the results we recommend Signum for conifer seed treatment. This fungicide controlled S. polyspora well and did not influence on the germination ability. Agricultural
Sammendrag
The development of new tools able to select specific plant tissue is crucial for gene expression studies. During the last years, the use of laser microdissection, mainly tested on herbaceous plant tissue, has been found to be a useful technique for these purposes. This method is poorly tested on woody species, and so far no studies of gene expression have been applied on forest trees. For this reason the present work proposes the optimization of a functional protocol using laser microdissection pressure catapulting (LMPC) and real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in bark stem tissue of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Bark tissue fragments were collected from Norway spruce trees and sliced with a cryostat. RNA was extracted from both whole cross-sections and microdissected bark cells. The feasibility of the method was confirmed by the amplification of the α-tubulin, an endogenous gene of P. abies, with efficiency comparable to that obtained from non-microdissected tissue. The proposed protocol, here adapted for bark tissue of woody species, represents a useful tool in a wide range of hosts that, unlike herbaceous plants, have scarcely been considered up to now.
Forfattere
H.J. van der Fels-Klerx P.W Goedhart Oleif Elen T. Börjesson V Hietaniemi C.J.H BooijSammendrag
Climate change will affect mycotoxin contamination of feed and food. Mathematical models for predicting mycotoxin concentrations in cereal grains are useful for estimating the impact of climate change on these toxins. The objective of the current study was to construct a descriptive model to estimate climate change impacts on deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination of mature wheat grown in northwestern Europe. Observational data from 717 wheat fields in Norway, Sweden, Finland, and The Netherlands were analyzed, including the DON concentrations in mature wheat, agronomical practices, and local weather. Multiple regression analyses were conducted, and the best set of explanatory variables, mainly including weather factors, was selected. The final model included the following variables: flowering date, length of time between flowering and harvest, wheat resistance to Fusarium infection, and several climatic variables related to relative humidity, temperature, and rainfall during critical stages of wheat cultivation. The model accounted for 50 % of the variance, which was sufficient to make this model useful for estimating the trends of climate change on DON contamination of wheat in northwestern Europe. Application of the model in possible climate change scenarios is illustrated.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Åsa Maria Olofsdotter Espmark Ingrid Lein Anne Kjersti Bakken Gerd Marit Berge Anne-Kristin Løes Atle Wibe Øistein Høstmark Eyolf Langmyhr Børre Olsen Knut Måløy Ivar Bakken Jørund Kvande Per Helge Malvik Georg TvedtSammendrag
Motivasjonen for prosjektet var å legge grunnlag for en kommersiell satsing på å bruke spillvarme i en bærekraftig dyrking og prosessering av andemat i Midt-Norge, for bruk i kommersielle fiske- og dyrefôr samt å initiere et Midt-norsk og blå-grønt samarbeid mellom industri og FoU. Sunndal Energi arbeider for å finne gode prosjekter som kan utnytte spillvarme kommersielt. Formålet var derfor å legge grunnlag for en kommersiell satsing på å bruke spillvarme i en bærekraftig dyrking og prosessering av andemat i Midt-Norge, for bruk i kommersielle fiske- og dyrefôr. Rapporten tar for seg faglige vurderinger av alternative dyrkingsmetoder, næringsinnhold i andemat, husdyrgjødsel og biorest som næringsmedium, og metoder for avvanning og tørking. I tillegg blir det foretatt en vurdering av lønnsomhet. Rapporten konkluderer med at en helårsproduksjon av andemat vil kreve investeringer i dyrkingsfasiliteter og energi til lys og klimaregulering, og at dette kan bli kostbart. Utfra næringssammensetning kan andemat brukes som relevant råvare dersom tilstrekkelig kvantum er tilgjengelig. For å dyrke andemat kan en kombinasjon av fiskeslam fra ferskvannsbaserte anlegg og blautgjødsel fra storfe være gunstig for andemat, siden dette vil øke innholdet av P, som ser til å kunne bli det begrensende næringsstoffet hvis kun husdyrgjødsel brukes som næringskilde. Fiskeslam fra saltvannsbasert oppdrett er for salt. Andemat krever mye avvanning. Mekanisk avvanning etterfulgt av et tørkesystem basert på mekanisk fluidisering under tørkeprosessen (paddeltørke), eventuelt et ringtørke- system vil trolig bli den mest effektive metoden. De økonomiske analysene viser at det er utfordrende å oppnå lønnsomhet i dyrking og prosessering av andemat til fôrformål.
Forfattere
Erlend NybakkSammendrag
Growing attention is being paid to innovation and creativity and learning as success factors for sustainable competitive advantage and financial performance. This paper examines the relationships between innovation strategy, innovative working climate, learning orientation and financial performance in the context of the Norwegian wood industry. A questionnaire-based survey was sent to CEOs of firms in the wood industry in Norway (241 usable replies, response rate of 49 percent). Innovation strategy embodies four dimensions: the degrees to which innovation in the form of products, processes, and business systems are embedded in the management values and priorities as well as the degree of expenditure in R&D. An innovative working climate is exemplified by team cohesion, supervisory encouragement, resources, autonomy, challenge, and openness to innovation. Both learning orientation and firm innovativeness were conceptualised and analysed as latent second-order constructs using structural equation modelling. The result implied that innovation strategy and an innovative working climate enhanced financial performance in Norwegian wood industry. Furthermore, the findings showed that learning orientation had a positive affect on financial performance positively via firm innovativeness (full mediating effect). Findings suggest that managers in wood industry will not likely benefit financially from a learning orientation without also achieving high levels of firm innovativeness. Moreover, findings suggest that managers should focus on creating an innovative working climate and prioritising an innovation strategy.
Forfattere
Shahid Nadeem Sissel Hansen Marina Azzaroli Bleken Peter DörschSammendrag
Legumes are an important source of nitrogen in stockless organic cereal production. However, substantial amounts of N can be lost from legume-grass leys prior to or after incorporation as green manure (GM). Here we report N2O emissions from a field experiment in SE Norway exploring different green manure management strategies: mulching versus removal of grass-clover herbage during a whole growing season and return as biogas residue to a subsequent barley crop. Grass-clover ley had small but significantly higher N2O emissions as compared with a non-fertilised cereal reference during the year of green manure (GM) production in 2009. Mulching of herbage induced significantly more N2O emission (+0.37 kg N2O-N ha−1) throughout the growing season than removing herbage. In spring 2010, all plots were ploughed (with and without GM) and sown with barley, resulting in generally higher N2O emissions than during the previous year. Application of biogas residue (60 kg NH4+-N + 50 kg organic N ha−1) before sowing did not increase emissions neither when applied to previous ley plots nor when applied to previously unfertilised cereal plots. Ley management (mulching vs. removing biomass in 2009) had no effect on N2O emissions during barley production in 2010. In general, GM ley (mulched or harvested) increased N2O emissions relative to a cereal reference with low mineral N fertilisation (80 kg N ha−1). Based on measurements covering the growing season 2010, organic cereal production emitted 95 g N2O-N kg−1 N yield in barley grain, which was substantially higher than in the cereal reference treatment with 80 kg mineral N fertilisation (47 g N2O-N kg−1 N yield in barley grain).
Forfattere
Mozetic Vodopivec Alena Gibalova Eivind VangdalSammendrag
During the picking season in the Norwegian plum production areas, the harvested plums are brought to cold storage in packing houses once or twice a day. Plums picked late in the afternoon may even not be cooled properly until the next day. The average time from picking until the plums are placed in a cold storage is approximately 8 hours. Previous reports have shown that delayed cooling of sweet cherries and apples reduced the fruits’ susceptibility to physiological or fungal decay. An experiment was performed in order to evaluate the impact of different delay-to-cold storage times (0, 5, 10, 15 and 25 hours) on quality and phenolic contents changes of Norwegian ‘Mallard’ plums during cold storage, transport, and retail in normal atmosphere (NA). The fruits (10 fruits in PE tray, n=3) were stored for 14 days at 1°C, followed by 3 days at 7°C and then for 4 days at 20°C. Fruit quality parameters (firmness, colour in CIE L, a*, b* colour space, weight, rot occurrence (%)) and total phenol and anthocyanin content were determined. Samples were analyzed just before cold storage and then after 14 days at 1°C, 3 days at 7°C, or 4 days at 20°C. Evaluation of results has shown that delay of cooling has a retarding effect on rot development during 20°C storage (post cold transport), weight loss and stimulates anthocyanin accumulation and colour changes to some extent. At the end of storage no effect on fruit firmness could be observed.