Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Berit Skoglund SkåtøySammendrag
Naxos er den største øyen i den greske øygruppen Kykladene. Øyen er 428 km2 stor (på størrelse med Magerøya i Finnmark) og har ca. 19.000 fastboende. Hovedbyen heter Naxos by, også kalt Chora (som faktisk bare betyr ”by”), og har ca. 5.000 fastboende.Innbyggertallet blir mangedoblet i løpet av turistsesongen, som varer fra mai til oktober. Selv om vi er mange som etter hvert har oppdaget denne perlen av en øy, får vi likevel ikke inntrykk av å være i en turistghetto. Dels skyldes det at Naxos er så stor og dels skyldes det at Naxos ikke er totalt avhengig av turisme fordi den alltid har vært en jordbruksøy, selv om flere og flere har tatt seg arbeid innen turistnæringen ved siden av gårdarbeidet. Landskapet er svært variert. Her finner du fjellet Za, Kykladenes høyeste, som rager 1004 m o.h., du finner karrige fjellandsbyer der tiden nærmest har stått stille – tilsynelatende befolket bare av gamle folk, du finner frodige jordbruksbygder, tempelruiner, gigantiske statuer og de mest fantastiske strender.
Forfattere
Yngve RekdalSammendrag
Norsk institutt for skog og landskap har utført ei beitegransking for store delar av Hardangervidda (6589 km²). Granskinga viser at Vidda har store areal av beite med høg kvalitet og at det jamt over er lite beitedyr. Det kan vera rom for ei tredobling av dyretalet. Mykje av beitet er høgtliggande og er best eigna for sau. Sauetalet i kommunane rundt Vidda har vore synkande. Gode fjellbeite burde vera eit godt grunnlag for ei sterkare satsing på sau i desse kommunane.
Sammendrag
Artikkelen introduserer problemstillingene i NFR-prosjektet Cultour om reiseliv og kulturlandskap.
Forfattere
Tonje Økland Per Arild Aarrestad Rune HalvorsenSammendrag
Vegetasjonsovervåking basert på konseptet for vegetasjonsøkologiske undersøkelser har vært utført i 17 referanseområder i nærmere tjue år. Ti overvåkingsområder ble etablert i granskog av NIJOS fra 1988–1992. I Solhomfjell ble det etablert ett granskogsområde i 1988 som del av TOV (TOV-granskogsområde; drevet av Naturhistorisk museum, Univ. i Oslo), og 6 områder ble etablert i fjellbjørkeskog av NINA fra 1990 til 1993 (TOV-bjørkeskogsområder). Områdene spenner ut viktige klimagradienter i Norge. og ble opprinnelig etablert for å fange opp variasjonen i belastning av langtransporterte luftforurensninger i Norge. Gran- og bjørkeskogsområdene omfatter mer eller mindre sammenliknbar variasjon langs lokale økologiske gradienter innenfor en og samme naturtype, `blåbærdominert bar- og bjørkeskog`, inkludert noe fuktigere og rikere utforminger. I hvert område overvåkes vegetasjonen i 50 prøveflater (61 i Solhomfjell) á 1 m2 som til sammen antas å dekke den viktigste lokaløkologiske variasjonen. Artsmengdene registreres innen hver flate ved hjelp av smårutefrekvens (forekomst av arten i 16 like store småruter), og som prosent dekning i prøveflata.....
Forfattere
Grete StokstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Aldo Marchetto Rosario Mosello Gabriele A. Tartari Kirsti Derome Nils König Nicholas Clarke Anna KowalskaSammendrag
A second Working Ring Test (WRT) was organised within the framework of the EU/Life+ FutMon Project (`Further Development and Implementation of an EU-level Forest Monitoring System`, LIFE07 ENV/D/000218), to evaluate the overall performance of the laboratories responsible for analysing atmospheric deposition and soil solution samples in European forests, and to verify improvements in the analytical quality resulting from the QA/QC work carried out in the laboratories which participated in previous WRTs organized in the framework of the UN/ECE ICP Forests Monitoring Programme. The WRT was carried out in accordance with International ISO and ILAG guide proficiency test both for sample preparation and numerical elaboration of the results. Five natural atmospheric deposition and soil solution samples and 3 synthetic solutions were distributed to 42 laboratories for analysis using their routine methods for the following variables: pH, conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, sulphate, nitrate, chloride, total alkalinity, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Two tolerable limits were defined for each variable on the basis of the measured value, the results of previous WRTs, a comparison with the Data Quality Objectives of other international networks, and the importance of the variable in deposition and soil solution monitoring. In the ring test 12% of the results from all the laboratories did not fall within the tolerable limits. This enabled us to identify those variables and laboratories for which improvements in analytical performance are required. The results of the exercise clearly show that the use of data check procedures, as described in the ICP Forests manual for sampling and analysis of atmospheric deposition, makes it possible to detect the presence of inaccurate or outlying results, and would therefore greatly improve the overall performance of the laboratories. A discussion of the improvement of the results in this WRT compared to the previous WRTs is also included, showing a relevant improvent for several variables and underlining the importance of participating to these exercises for the overall analytical quality of the monitoring network.
Sammendrag
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood is per definition (EN-350-2) easy to treat. Combination with its good availability on the European markets, it is a construction and building material in demand. However, partially large differences in penetration are reported from industry and research. To keep a reliable product quality, impregnation processes aligned to the material most difficult to treat. Hence, it is crucial to know about the factors inhibiting the fluid flow into the material. Scots pine samples from a wide geographic distribution, 25 different sites in 6 different countries, have been collected and impregnated with an aqueous monomer furfuryl alcohol solution. From each of the respective sites logs of 1.3 meter in length were collected from nine trees belonging to three different breast height diameter classes. Three trees from each dominance class were chosen randomly. The log was drawn from the felled stem in a height of 1.2 meters with exact marked north/south exposition. Sapwood slabs orientated in the heaven directions, underwent a drying procedure at 40°C for 48 h and small clear samples of 20 x 20 x 50 mm were prepared. A large variation of the ratio of filling was found for the material tested. Diameter as well as sample origin seem to influence the materials permeability.
Sammendrag
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and especially its heartwood is one of the most common construction materials for general outer use e.g. windows or facades in northern Europe. It is considered being use class 3 and is according to EN 350-2 \"not treatable\". Reports from industry and researchers indicate that the heartwood treatability is not uniform. It is still unclear what causes these differences. To increase its durability by means of impregnation would be a contribution to extend the use of both a natural and native material. The understanding of a potential pattern analog to latitudinal/longitudinal origin or other forest or wood properties could help to improve the impregnation by better material selection. Scots pine samples from 25 different sites in 6 countries in northern Europe have been collected throughout autumn and winter 2009/2010. A circle of varying size containing approximately 30 trees was set up in a representative site of each stand. All diameters were measured and arranged in three classes. Three trees of each class were chosen randomly. Only the middle and upper diameter classes were used for studying heartwood permeability. The small diameter class had insufficient heartwood width to be processed. Samples of 20 x 20 x 50 mm were cut and conditioned in a climate chamber. The samples were impregnated with a water-soluble monomer furfuryl alcohol solution in a standard pressure/vacuum process. Results showed a generally low permeability but a few samples had an unexpected high ration of filling. Further on, the samples with the highest and lowest treatability will undergo anatomical and chemical tests to explain these properties.
Forfattere
Kjell Andreassen Birger Solberg Øyvind JacobsenSammendrag
Four forest management systems, clear cutting, mountain forest selective cutting (50-90 % of volume removed), group system and single tree selection system (20-50 % of volume removed) were compared in two Norway spruce mountain forest stands. The sites are located 650 m.a.s.l., which is about 100 meter below the alpine tree line in this region. The background for this experiment was that the forest owner wanted to examine alternatives to clear cutting with silvicultural methods where some trees were left in the stand to protect regenerating against frost, to maintain biodiversity, and for recreational reasons in such areas close to the tree line. In twenty 400 m2 systematically sampled plots we assessed or measured vegetation type, regeneration, diameter of all trees > 2.5 dbh, tree heights, annual growth from increment cores, tree quality, old stumps and windthrows. In addition, time studies of the four harvesting methods were performed close to each other in the area. The following mean values were estimated in the two stands before cutting: Area 7 hectares, volume 170 m3/ha, mean diameter 23 cm, mean height 18 m, stems 550/ha, seedlings 150/ha, productivity 3 m3/ha/yr. The diameter distribution of the two stands was almost similar to a reverse J-shaped curve, but a larger amount of trees in some medium and large diameter classes were observed. However, most of the 230 m3 harvested trees were medium and large sized. Annual increment indicated growth reactions 3 years after harvesting. The operational costs were estimated according to time studies of the harvesting and extraction of 580 trees. Analyses of net present value, where bare land value and all future revenues and expenses were estimated and discounted backwards to the harvesting year, indicates less profitability for group selection and selection system than clear cutting and mountain forest selective cutting.