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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2010

Sammendrag

Det skapes mindre gass fra ren husdyrgjødsel enn fra matavfall og forskjellige energivekster. Derfor er det fornuftig å tilføre forskjellig annet organisk avfall sammen med husdyrgjødsla i biogassproduksjonen. I Norge er det til nå bare bygget et par gårdsanlegg for produksjon av biogass basert på husdyrgjødsel. Det er imidlertid stor interesse for slike anlegg, og det blir trolig bygget flere i åra framover. Da kan det være greit å ta en titt til våre naboer i Europa og se hvordan de gjør det der. Særlig i Tyskland er det mange anlegg som i tillegg til husdyrgjødsel bruker ulike energivekster, først og fremst fôrmais og helsæd av vinterrug, for å øke gassproduksjonen. Disse vekstene er valgt ut i fra hensyn til høg produksjon av biomasse til låg kostnad og til ønskelig kjemisk sammensetning.

Sammendrag

Denne artikkelen forteller om et nordisk prosjekt på Colletotrichum acutatum i jordbær og kirsebær. Artikkelen har vekt på genetisk variasjon og evne til kryss-infeksjon av isolater mellom ulike vertplanter. Hovedkonklusjonen så langt er at isolater fra jordbær er mer aggressive på jordbær enn isolater fra andre vertplanter.

Sammendrag

Denne artikkelen omhandlar resultat frå prøving av ulike alternative middel mot jordbærmjøldogg. Forsøka vart gjort i laboratorium, veksthus og plasttunnel.

Sammendrag

Denne artikkelen forteller om et doktorgradsarbeid ved UMB der det ble vist at ved å øke daglengden fra 16-18 timer til 20-24 timers lys, så vil angrep av mjøldogg i veksthusroser reduseres betydelig. Det er først og fremst rødt lys som hemmer soppen.

Sammendrag

Growth, death and N dynamics of leaves, stolons and roots of harvested and unharvested white clover (cv.""Snowy"") were studied in a pot (Sturite et al., 2006) and a combined plot and root window experiment in southeast Norway (Sturite et al., 2007). Leaves of undisturbed plants contained 1.5 g N pot-1 or 6 g N m-2 in late autumn (roughly assuming 4 plants m-2). About 60% of the leaves turned over within the growing season. Thus, in an established, undisturbed white clover stand, leaf turnover would contribute 9 g N m-2 during the growing season. For stolon and root segments tagged during the first growing season, 100% and 91%, respectively, were still present in late autumn. By the end of the second growing season, the corresponding values were 77% and 46%. Thus, dead stolons and roots contributed substantially more to N deposition in the soil in the second than in the first growing season. If taking the turnover of all plant organs into account, the gross N input to the soil-plant system during the two growing seasons would amount to 63 g N m-2. This corresponded to a 2.5-fold increase over the total N in the shoots harvested during the same period.

Sammendrag

Due to positive health effects, the consumption of fruits and vegetables ought to increase in Norway. The content of coloured anthocyaninsand other phenoliccompounds with antioxidativeeffect are believed to be important in this matter. In previous reports the wide ranges in contents of important phenolicsin different plum cultivars were presented (Vangdal et al., 2007). This presentation include analyses of minor phenolicacids and flavonols, as well as some data on effects of fertilization and storage on phenolics.

Sammendrag

In plum fruit with dark red or blue blush colour covering the whole fruit, the change in ground colour from green to yellow during maturation and ripening is masked. Hence, the maturity stage is difficult to judge. Time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) has been used as a nondestructive method to assess changes in important internal quality factors in ‘Jubileum" plums (Prunus domestica L.). Absorption coefficients (μa) and scattering coefficients (μs) were measured at both 670 and 758 nm during 5 days of storage. The changes in soluble solids content, titratable acidity and firmness were as expected. No change in soluble solids content was observed, while the plums became less acid and softer during storage. The TRSmeasurements of plums indicated that TRS could give interesting information on internal quality factors in plums as the absorption at 670 nm was closely related to firmness, TA and TSS at the time of picking. Absorption at 758 nm was more closely related to the quality parameters after storage. The study did not indicate that scattering could be used in assessing maturity stage in plum.

Sammendrag

In catchments with sensitive water bodies it is of interest to improve P retention in the constructed wetlands by including P adsorbing filters in the end of the wetland. Construction of filters at the outlet of pipe drains is also a possible mitigation option. P retention in filters is expected to be a combined effect of retention of soil particles that is too small for sedimentation in the wetland and adsorption of dissolved P. Here, results from a laboratory study of adsorption of phosphate to four different materials of interest for use as filters in constructed wetlands are presented. The filter materials tested were Maxit Filtralite P, Kemira CFH-12, crushed lime stone and coral sand. In Kemira CFH-12, Fe is the active component (ferric hydroxide granules), whereas in the other three Ca is the active component. The laboratory experiment was performed with four different phosphate concentrations in the range from 50 to 500 µg P/L, three different contact times (30 min, 2h and 6h) and with 1 g filter material to 30 ml solution. The ferric hydroxide granules were superior the other filter materials. At 30 min contact time and 500 µg P/L 88 % of P was adsorbed, whereas at 6 h contact time 99 % of P was adsorbed. Crushed lime stone adsorbed less than 20 % of P in the 500 µg P/L solution. Filtralite P and coral sand showed quite similar ability to adsorb P. At 30 min contact time and 500 µg P/L 35-50 % of P was adsorbed, whereas at 6 h contact time 78-90 % of P was adsorbed.

Sammendrag

Dengue viruses (Flavivirus) are mosquito-borne human pathogens with a worldwide prevalence. There are four antigenically-related dengue virus serotypes, DEN-1 to DEN-4, which can cause serious problems of morbidity and mortality. Dengue is emerging rapidly as one of the most important public health problems in countries of the Asia-Pacific region with nearly 1.8 billion people in the region at risk, compared to an estimated total of 2.5 billion globally (WHO 2007). In India, dengue is now re-emerging as one of the most important health problems, with many outbreaks reported in different parts of the country during the past decade. The disease has resulted in widespread social and economic problems, especially among the poor who are the most vulnerable group. The lack of a dengue vaccine and antiviral drug makes it difficult to control and manage the disease. To combat dengue fever under the influence of global warming and climate change, multiple coping strategies including affordable vaccines, vector control, sanctions, law enforcement and public education are essential. This talk will present the development of a tetravalent dengue vaccine using tobacco plants as a green factory, and the social and economic benefits of the plant-production system will be discussed. Other coping strategies such as vector control and improvement of water quality will also be addressed.

Sammendrag

Foreliggende konsekvensutreding knyttet til reindrift ved planlagt vindpark i Sørfjord, Tysfjord kommune er gjort på oppdrag fra tiltakshaver Nordkraft Vind AS. Planområdet til Sørfjorden vindpark ligger innenfor Sörkaitum samebys beiteområde og innenfor Baste samebys konvensjonsområde "Bévgge". Store okserein bruker området som beiteland hele året for uten brunstperioden om høsten. Verdien av utredningsområdet vurderes å ha middels stor verdi for reindrifta. Reinokser er tradisjonelt mindre sårbar for forstyrrelser enn simler. Det er derfor sannsynlig at reinoksene delvis adapteres til anleggsaktiviteten i utrednings­området. De negative konsekvensene for reindrifta ved etablering av Sørfjorden vindmøllepark varierer fra middels til små negative avhengig av i hvilken grad utbygger tar hensyn til reindrifta. Det er viktig med god kommunikasjon mellom samebyene og driver av vindmølleparken for å sikre at det tas hensyn til reindrifta innenfor utredningsområdet. Ved endret arealbruk som følge av klimaendringer eller andre ytre påvirkninger kan utrednings­området få økt verdi for reindrifta ved at det benyttes som kalvingsområde/ sommerbeiter for simler. Ved et slikt scenario vil verdien av utredningsområdet vurderes å ha middels til stor verdi for reindrifta og de negative konsekvensene blir middels store. Avbøtende tiltak er foreslått.