Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Sammendrag
Etter utbyggingen av E18 Arendal-Tvedestrand har det vært stort fokus på forekomst av sulfidholdige bergarter som ble avdekket under anleggsarbeidet, og bekymring for at veifyllinger og steinmasser vil kunne gi sur avrenning og giftige konsentrasjoner av metaller. Som en del av tiltaksplanen er det, for å avbøte sulfidoksideringseffekter, tilført skjellsand til disse deponiene. NIBIO tok over miljøovervåkningen høsten 2024. Denne rapporten vurderer tilstand og utvikling for berørte vassdrag på relevante parametere for sulfidoksideringseffekter fem år inn i driftsfasen for veistrekningen. All eksisterende relevant data for miljøovervåkningen er benyttet. I store trekk kan man si at de avbøtende tiltakene har hatt positiv effekt på forsuringsparametere i vassdragene, men også medført økt pH, ANC samt økt innehold av alle hovedioner som igjen gir økt konduktivitet. Konsentrasjon av hovedioner og konduktivitet synes imidlertid å ha vært avtakende de siste tre år. I tre av de seks vassdragene vurderes det at tilstand og trender er gode på relevante parametere, og overvåkningen kan avsluttes. I de øvrige vassdragene er det enten noe påvirkning på eller usikker tilstand eller trend på en eller flere parametere.
Sammendrag
Rapporten gir en oversikt over hva som dyrkes av korn og protein vekster i Norge, innen Viken fylkene og innen kommunen Indre Østfold. Videre er det sett nærmere på vekstvalg for bønder med og uten protienvekster i vekstskiftet innen Viken og innen kommunen Indre Østfold. Videre gir rapporten en beskrivelse av en lineær programmeringsmodell og data som inngår i modellen for å modellere vekstvalg blant bønder som dyrker korn og proteinvekster. Siste del av rapporten viser fordeling av jordbruksareal (fulldyrka og overflatedyrka areal) i Norge basert på arealressurskartet AR5.
Forfattere
Arnt Kristian Gjertsen Knut Bjørkelo Carl William Lund Torgeir Ferdinand Klingenberg Marius Hauglin Helga Sofie Gisholt Jønland Ole Christian Kjekshus Jonathan RizziSammendrag
Rapporten omhandler utviklingen av en felles skogmaske for Norge gjennom inte-grasjon av ulike datakilder og metoder. Målet er å forbedre skogkartlegging for forvaltning og planleg-ging. Datagrunnlaget inkluderer satellittbilder, høydedata og eksisterende kart, mens analysen bygger på objektorientert bildeanalyse og segmentering av trekroner og skogområder. Resultatene viser høy nøyaktighet i tredeteksjon, men utfordringer knyttet til kanttreff, kraftlinjer og steinformasjoner kan føre til feilklassifisering.
Forfattere
Øyvind Nystad Handberg Annegrete Bruvoll Inga Eline Ørving Aasen Matilde Avdem Frankmo Gunnhild Søgaard Hilde Haug Simonhjell Cecilie Flyen Hanne Margrete Johnsen Anne-Grete Roer HjelkremSammendrag
Formålet med denne rapporten er å gi kvantitative beskrivelser av tre mulige framtider, som kan brukes i arbeidet med nasjonal klimasårbarhetsanalyse.
Forfattere
Ghulam Qasim Khan Dejan Dragan Miladinovic Puchun Niu Eddy Weurding Jos van Hees Martha Irene Grøseth Egil PrestløkkenSammendrag
This study examined whether extrusion process can be optimized to produce pellets with tailored density and rumen fluid stability for improved nutrient utilization in ruminants. High-density pellets bypass the rumen to deliver nutrients directly to the intestine, while floating pellets enhance the synchronization of nutrient release and digestion. Barley, maize, and soybean meal (SBM) were extruded both individually and as 50:50 mixtures (barley + SBM and maize + SBM) under different conditions. Specific density (SD), specific density in rumen fluid (SDrf), sinking velocity (SV) and fluid stability index (FSI) of pellets were evaluated using in vitro methods. Pellets exhibited a broad range of SD values: those with an SD below 0.78 g/mL floated in rumen fluid, whereas pellets with an SD above 1.05 g/mL were deemed optimal for rumen escape. Cereal grain pellets spanned floating (SD < 0.78 g/mL), slow-sinking (SD 0.85–0.90 g/mL), and fast-sinking (SD > 0.96 g/mL) categories and showed high FSI (averaged 893 ± 67 g/kg DM), while SBM and mixtures produced high-density (SD 0.89–1.18 g/mL), fast-sinking pellets with lower FSI (averaged 173 ± 113 g/kg DM). For cereal grains, cooling the extruder’s last section at a screw speed of 210 rpm yielded pellets with optimal SD and FSI for rumen escape, whereas adjusting the screw speed (minimum 210 rpm for maize and 300 rpm for barley) produced floating pellets. Pellets from SBM and mixtures did not meet the desired criteria and require alternative processing conditions. Indeed, these in vitro evaluations require in vivo validation.
Sammendrag
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ranks among the top three health threats facing the EU. The AMR crisis is characterized as a “creeping crisis” and refers to the development where the increase in AMR causes antibiotics to lose their efficiency and effect—potentially causing millions of deaths. This article explores the EU's efforts to manage the AMR crisis by linking and coordinating different policy sectors. It assumes that institutional factors at the meso‐level, that is, at the level where political strategies are transformed into action, are key to ensure coordination across policy‐sectors and thus successful implementation of inter‐sectorial AMR policies. Drawing on literature on historical institutionalism, we analyze the development of institutional conditions for coordinating the three key sectors of AMR‐governance in the EU: the human health, veterinary, and environmental sectors. The starting point is the observation that the latter sector is considerably less integrated into AMR governance than the other two sectors. The article describes and explains how institutional developments at the meso‐level of AMR governance in the EU (European Commission Directorate‐Generals (DGs), EU agencies) contribute to an inter‐sectoral coordination deficit, or a “blind spot,” in the combat against AMR.
Forfattere
Erlend Hustad Honningdalsnes Erik Stensrud Marstein Dag Lindholm Helge Bonesmo Heine Nygard RiiseSammendrag
Vertical agrivoltaics can help reduce land use competition by integrating food crop cultivation between rows of vertical solar panels. However, its agricultural viability is often questioned due to panel shading. This study demonstrates that wind sheltering from vertical solar panels not only can compensate for the shading losses but lead to net-positive yield changes in Northern Europe. Crops benefit from wind shelter through improved soil moisture retention, higher ambient temperatures, and protection from wind erosion and damage. This study quantified the combined shading and wind sheltering effects on timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) yields within large-scale vertical agrivoltaics across Norway, Sweden, and Finland. Our modeling framework integrated ERA5 weather data (2010–2023), Computational Fluid Dynamics for wind simulation (OpenFOAM), ray tracing for shading analysis (Honeybee Radiance), and a crop growth simulation model (CATIMO). Additionally, ERA5 temperature data was adjusted to explore shelter-induced warming effects. In the simulation, vertical agrivoltaics decreased ground irradiation by 15–16 % and reduced seasonal mean crop zone wind speeds by up to 40 % (up to 88 % for perpendicular winds), lowering evapotranspiration. When combining shading, wind reduction, and a conservative +0.5 ◦C shelter-induced temperature increase, the model predicted an average regional yield increase of +2.4 % compared to traditional agriculture. Yield improvements were highest in drought-prone soils (+3.7 %) and dry, sunny years (e.g., +9.2 % in 2018). This suggests that vertical agrivoltaics improves agricultural resilience under challenging conditions. These findings demonstrate that agrivoltaic modeling, particularly for vertical systems, should incorporate wind shelter effects to avoid fundamentally underestimating crop yield potential.
Sammendrag
1. Semi‐natural grasslands are recognized as important habitat for bumblebees in Fennoscandia. These grasslands are maintained by free‐ranging sheep, but it is unclear which sheep intensities are most beneficial to bumblebees. 2. We will compare bumblebee species richness and abundance with Bayesian mixed models at varying levels of disturbance by sheep to test the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis, while considering other important habitat variables: distance to forest, meadow size, sward height, and availability of flowers, litter and bare soil. 3. Practical Implication: Results of this investigation will provide valuable information to land managers setting limits for the number of free‐ranging sheep released on semi‐natural grasslands within the coniferous boreal landscape to benefit bumblebee conservation.
Sammendrag
Soil pH is one of the properties that determines the levels of bioavailability of macro- and micronutrients for plant roots. Apple rootstocks are the interface by which these nutrients are absorbed and shuttled to grafted scions. Our experiment was aimed at understanding the phenotypic and underlying genotypic variation of apple roots interacting with the same soil amended to five pH levels (4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5) by monitoring growth and leaf nutrient concentrations (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Zn, and Ni) of one-year-old ‘Golden Delicious’ trees grafted on 28 different apple rootstocks. Data were analyzed as a full factorial of pH and rootstock type. Soil pH amendment was successful as least squares means for the pH main effect displayed expected nutrient content curves for Mo (increasing with higher pH) and for Mn (decreasing with higher pH). ANOVA showed significance for main effects (pH and rootstock type) while the interaction (pH × rootstock type) was significant only for Mo. Both main effects were significant for Mn, P, and Ca whereas pH was significant for Fe and rootstock type was significant for Cu, Zn, and S. No significant effects were observed for Na, Ni and K. Multivariate analyses using rootstock genotype LS means revealed diverse correlation (pairwise Pearson) patterns when the data were analyzed as a whole or split by pH treatment levels. For example, the genotypic similarity (Pearson pairwise) between K and Mo was not significant at pH level 4.5 (r=-0.342 and p=0.109) whereas at pH 8.5 such relationship was highly correlated (r=-0.547 and p=0.006). Similar results were observed among other nutrients. Dual hierarchical clustering (Ward) displayed different number and composition of clusters according to pH where two main clusters were observed for pH 4.5 and three main clusters for the other pH levels. Rootstocks G.41, G.890, MM.111 and G.935 were tightly clustered at pH 7.5 whereas at pH 5.5 they all fell into different clusters. These results suggest the individuality of the interaction of each rootstock with pH levels with implications on fertilizer management practices and optimum pH and planting amendments specific for rootstock type.
Sammendrag
Reusing and recycling post-consumer wood can help mitigate GHG emissions and reduce the risks of biodiversity loss by saving primary resources. A robust understanding of the post-consumer wood composition and its cascading potential is critical to enable this. However, there is currently limited research on the topic. This study contributes to filling the knowledge gap by sorting 54 tons of post-consumer wood at two industrial recycling stations and one household recycling station in Norway and further developing a classification system with quantified cascading potentials for post-consumer wood. The results showed that 49–64 percent of the wood at the industrial recycling stations and 32 percent at the household recycling station was load-bearing and untreated solid wood. We argue that these categories have a good potential for reuse and recycling. The high percentages indicate an opportunity for increasing the recycling and reuse of post-consumer wood. However, we also discovered some misplaced preservative-treated materials and a percentage of fiberboards that exceed particleboard manufacturer limits, meaning that sorting before recycling is required. Furthermore, we investigated how the wood composition was influenced by the type of customer delivering wood to the recycling stations and found that households generally deliver lower quality post-consumer wood than industrial customers.