Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2014
Forfattere
Jens Kværner Ole Martin Eklo Eivind Solbakken Ivar Solberg Stein SorknesSammendrag
The study examines the influence of agricultural activities on pesticides in groundwater in an area with fluvial deposits of sand with a top layer of sandy silt and silt, intensive cultivation of potatoes and cereals, and drinking water supplies of households from local groundwater wells. Information about local agricultural practice and washing sites for pesticide spraying equipment, properties of soils and deeper deposits, hydrogeology and groundwater flow, simulations of pesticide leaching, and contents of pesticides and nitrate in groundwater samples from drinking water wells was used to explore extension and reasons of pesticide contamination of groundwater. Pesticides were found in a majority of the sampled wells. Eight different pesticides and metabolites were detected in groundwater samples. The results demonstrate that on fluvial deposits diffuse pollution from spraying of fields with pesticides can result in groundwater contamination in Nordic climate. Higher concentrations of pesticides in some wells can be explained by point source contamination from washing sites. The occurrence of pesticides in drinking water wells touches up the question whether pesticides should be given general approvals, or approvals should include restrictions or recommendations regarding use on areas with high risk of groundwater contamination. Combination of washing sites for pesticide spraying equipment and groundwater wells for drinking water requires attention, proper equipment and practice, and knowledge about pesticides, soil and water to avoid contamination. Samples from wells adjacent to washing sites for pesticide equipment might overestimate average pesticide concentrations in groundwater bodies. In Nordic areas attention should be given to pesticide pollution of shallow groundwater in fluvial deposits. To provide basis for interpretation of results and planning of mitigation measures against pesticide contamination, an integrated approach using information about agronomical practice and point sources, soil properties, hydrogeology and simulations of pesticide leaching is recommended for future surveys and monitoring of pesticides in groundwater.
Forfattere
Bianca Cavicchi John Marshall Bryden Matteo VittuariSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Arnstein Øvrum Elling BereSammendrag
To assess impacts of the nationwide Norwegian School Fruit Scheme (NSFS) using nationally representative data. The NSFS is organized such that primary-school children (grades 1–7) are randomly assigned to one of three school fruit arrangements: (i) the child receives one free fruit or vegetable per day; (ii) the child is given the option to subscribe to one fruit or vegetable per day at a subsidized price; and (iii) the child attends a school that has no school fruit arrangement. Data from an Internet survey are used to compare child and parental fruit and vegetable intakes across the three NSFS groups focusing mainly on groups (i) and (iii). The analysis was conducted using multivariate regression techniques. Parents of primary-school children (n 1423) who report on behalf of themselves and their children. Children who receive free school fruit eat on average 0·36 more fruit portions daily – or 25·0 % more fruits – than children who attend schools with no fruit arrangement (P < 0·001). Moreover, parents of children who receive free school fruit eat on average 0·19 more fruit portions daily – or 12·5 % more fruits – than parents of children who attend schools with no fruit arrangement (P = 0·040). No significant associations were found between the NSFS and the vegetable intakes of children and their parents. The study shows, using nationally representative data, that free school fruit is associated with increased child fruit intake and that it may also affect parental fruit intake.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Målet med denne artikkelen er å gi en kort innføring i trebeskyttelse, med fokus på faktorer som påvirker levetiden til tre benyttet utendørs.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Sissel Hansen Marie-Eve Bernard Philippe Rochette Joann Whalen Peter DörschSammendrag
In Norway, 65 % of the agricultural land is under grassland for feeding ruminants. The objective of the present study was to quantify N2O emissions from grassland on a fertile sandy loam in Western Norway, and to estimate the response of seasonal N2O emissions to added inorganic N, cattle slurry (CS) N and clover N. Ammoniumnitrate (AN) and CSwere appliedmanually at annual rates of 0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ANN ha-1, 80 kg CS-Nha-1 or as a combination of 200 kgAN-N ha-1 and 80 kg CS-N ha-1. Background N2Oemissions were five times higher in summer season 2009 than in 2010, but the relative amount of N2O derived from AN was constant in both periods, amounting to 0.11 % of applied N. CS had no measurable impact on N2O emissions in 2009, but 0.15 % of CS-N was emitted as N2O during summer 2010. In the warm year of 2009, which included a drought period, 1–24 % of the N2O emissions were attributed to the effect of clover depending on fertilization. Clover had no effect onN2O fluxes in the cool andmoist year 2010. Our results suggest that N2O emissions in fertile Norwegian grasslands are to a great extent controlled by inter-annual variations in background emissions and variable contribution of biologically fixed N and CS-N.
Forfattere
Tonje Økland Jørn-Frode NordbakkenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Stein Michael TomterSammendrag
Skogens alder og utviklingstrinn er viktig for virkesproduksjon, miljø og rekreasjon. Skogen i Norge blir stadig eldre, og andelen trær med diameter over 30 cm er nær firedoblet siden 1920-tallet. Skogarealet med svært lav, eller ingen tresetting er gradvis blitt redusert og utgjør nå cirka to prosent av arealet.
Forfattere
Stein Michael TomterSammendrag
Stående volum er kubikkmassen av trærne i skogen og en av de mest sentrale variabler i de fleste skogregistreringer. I Norge har det de siste 90 årene vært en tredobling i stående volum, fra rundt 300 millioner m3 uten bark i 1925 til over 900 millioner m3 i 2010.