Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Bjørn Molteberg Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
The first joint Scandinavian variety testing for lawn (mowing height 25 mm), sport turf (mowing height 35, regular wear) and fairway (mowing height 15 mm) was carried out from 2005 to 2008 (http://www.scanturf.org/). The Nordic counties were divided into one northern (mostly continental, NZ) and one southern (mostly coastal, SZ) climatic zone with four and three test sites, respectively. Besides control varieties, 28 and 24 varieties were tested in NZ and SZ, respectively. Based on these trials the following varieties are candidates to be added to Nordic turfgrass cultivar guide for at least one climatic zone and at least one are of use (lawn, fairway and/or sport turf; control varieties are indicated in parantheses): Festuca rubra ssp. commutata: Bargreen, Greensleeves, Legende Margret, Rosetti 1 and Wagner 1 (Center) Festuca rubra ssp. trichophylla: Seabreeze (Barcrown) Festuca rubra: ssp. rubra, SZ: Celianna, Shadow II (Pernille, Frigg) Poa pratensis: Kaitos, Mozart 1 and Ravel 1 (Conni, Limousine) Lolium perenne: Vesuvius (Bargold) Agrostis capillaris: Leirin (Bardot, Nor)
Forfattere
Bjørn Molteberg Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
The first joint Scandinavian variety testing for lawn (mowing height 25 mm), sport turf (mowing height 35, regular wear) and fairway (mowing height 15 mm) was carried out from 2005 to 2008 (http://www.scanturf.org/). The Nordic counties were divided into one northern (mostly continental, NZ) and one southern (mostly coastal, SZ) climatic zone with four and three test sites, respectively. Besides control varieties, 28 and 24 varieties were tested in NZ and SZ, respectively. Based on these trials the following varieties are candidates to be added to Nordic turfgrass cultivar guide for at least one climatic zone and at least one are of use (lawn, fairway and/or sport turf; control varieties are indicated in parantheses): Festuca rubra ssp. commutata: Bargreen, Greensleeves, Legende Margret, Rosetti 1 and Wagner 1 (Center) Festuca rubra ssp. trichophylla: Seabreeze (Barcrown) Festuca rubra: ssp. rubra, SZ: Celianna, Shadow II (Pernille, Frigg) Poa pratensis: Kaitos, Mozart 1 and Ravel 1 (Conni, Limousine) Lolium perenne: Vesuvius (Bargold) Agrostis capillaris: Leirin (Bardot, Nor)
Sammendrag
In Norway, Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana) and subalpine fir (A. lasiocarpa) are the dominant Christmas tree species, and noble fir (A. procera) the dominant bough plant species. Several fungal shoot and foliage diseases may reduce their marketability. To determine if fungi found to cause diseases on fir in Norway might be seed borne, samples from twelve seed lots, including five Nordmann fir (from Austria, Georgia and Russia), four subalpine fir (from Canada and Norway) and three noble fir seed lots (from Norway) have been tested using agar plate methods (PDA and WA). The most important finding was that Sydowia polyspora was present on seed from all firs from all countries. Recently, it has been demonstrated in Norway that this fungus is the biotic cause of cause current season needle necrosis (CSNN), which is considered a major disease in the Christmas tree and bough production both in Europe and USA. Sirococcus conigenus, causing shoot blight of several conifer species, was found in a Norwegian A. procera seed lot (31% infected seeds), which to our knowledge is the first report of this pathogen on noble fir seed. Caloscypha fulgens, the seed or cold fungus, was recorded at low levels on subalpine fir from Canada. In addition 20 fungal genera and an unidentified fungus were recorded. Species within some of these genera are known pathogens in nurseries and production fields.
Forfattere
Ellen Johanne Svalheim Knut VollandSammendrag
Åsterød, Plassen, Hørta( 2 gårder) og Båserød (2 setrer) er 6 ulike plasser hvor det er dokumentert landbruksdrift siden før svartedauen. Området er svært variert og artsrikt. Det inneholder en variasjon av plantesamfunn som på bakgrunn av drift, jordsmonn, klima og at det har blitt lite eller ikke gjødsla, har utviklet seg til artsrike kulturavhengige naturtyper. Det er registrert og avgrenset 4 verdifulle naturtyper: 2 A - "svært viktig " og 2 B- "viktige" Vegetasjonstypene i området er godt utviklet med gode plantebestander. Skjøtselen av området bygger på tidligere drift. Historien om tidligere drift er viktig for å kunne fortsette å skjøtte området og ta vare på de verdiene som ligger der. Storfe har vært vanlig beitedyr innen planområdet gjennom hele 1900 tallet. På gårdsbrukene ble mye av innmarka slått og siden beitet på høstparten. Vår og sommer gikk dyrene i hamnehagene eller på skogsbeite. På setrene derimot ble det meste av innmarksarealet brukt til beite. Etter at tradisjonell gårdsdrift med slått og tradisjonell setring opphørte (fra 1964-1974) har innmarksarealene blitt beitet av storfe (ammekyr eller ungdyr). Beitingen i skogshamnene derimot opphørte. Innmarksarealene har i liten grad blitt gjødslet med kunstgjødsel. De siste 10-15 årene har kunstgjødsling ikke forekommet innen planområdet. Skjøtselsplanen foreslår en rekke tiltak for å ivareta dette artsrike kulturlandskapet. Hovedsakelig går de foreslåtte tiltakene ut på å fortsette tradisjonell drift.
Forfattere
Lars NesheimSammendrag
A method of mixing seeds of different crops and liquid animal manure is called slurry seeding or wet seeding. The method is so far more used for seeding forage crops than for grasses and clover. A Norwegian company has developed a system for adding and mixing seeds into animal slurry at the liquid manure spreader. The seed-enriched slurry is either applied on the surface by a trailing hose (band spreading) or injected in the soil. Thus, the process combines manure application, seeding of forage or cover crops, and aeration tillage if the slurry is injected. The method may also contribute to an increased sward age. The last three years the system of slurry seeding has been investigated at different sites in Norway, from dry inland areas to coastal areas with a high annual precipitation. Slurry seeding by use of the injector or the band spreader was compared to direct drilling of seeds only, and full renovation of the swards including ploughing. Where the sward was killed by herbicides, slurry seeding resulted in about the same DM yields and botanical composition as traditional renovation. At swards not destructed by chemical treatment the results were more variable, particularly at the first cut.
Forfattere
Helge SjursenSammendrag
Strandrør hører til den biologiske gruppen flerårig vandrende med jordstengler. Den voksne planten er 0,6-2 m høy. Jordstenglene er runde, gråhvite til brune, har tynne birøtter og vokser forholdsvis grunt. Strået er ofte knebøyd ved grunnen, ellers opprett, rundt og innhult. Bladene er 7-15 mm breie, flate, snaue, men ofte ru. Bladene er grønne eller hvitgrønne, og med tverrnerver mellom hovednervene. Blomstene sitter i en avlang topp, som er 5-15 cm lang, tett, men åpnere under blomstringen. Greinene er ru. Småaksene er sterkt flatklemte, grønne eller fiolette. Forekommer i åker, grasmark, i kanten av elver og innsjøer, og i tangvoller. Liker våt sand- og myrjord. Opptrer som ugras i åkerkulturer, men er ikke særlig brysom. Kan spille større rolle som hindring for vannstrømmen i grøfter og kanaler. Strandrør utgjør i høstet tilstand et verdifullt beite- og silogras i nedbørrike distrikter. Forebyggende tiltak vår eller høst utenom kulturene kan utføres som for kveke, ved å kutte jordstenglene mest mulig opp på 3-4-bladstadiet, f.eks. ved harving, og deretter plasseres dypest mulig i jorden. Direkte tiltak i kulturene som for kveke: radrensing i radkulturer, eventuelt kjemiske tiltak med ugrasmidler brukt på blad utenom kulturene (roundup/Glyfosat), eller grasugrasmidler i tofrøbladete kulturer.
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar Blystad Randi Knudsen Carl Jonas Jorge Spetz Sissel Haugslien Kari Ørstad Mariano Cambra Tor MuntheSammendrag
In 1998 Plum pox virus (PPV) wasdetected for the first time in Norway. Virus-like symptoms were observed on several trees in a collection ofplum cultivars at Njøs Research Station in the Sogn og Fjordane County in WestNorway. The Norwegian Food SafetyAuthority and the Norwegian Crop Research Institute immediately startedsurveying other variety collections around the country, nuclear stock materialand orchards in all important plum-growing areas. Since 1998 we have surveyed themain part of the commercial plum orchards in Norway. About 75 000 individualtrees have been tested. About 1 % of the trees have been found infected by PPV.Only the PPV-D strain has been found. It is suspected that the main infectionsource was infected plums or apricots imported to Njøs around 1970 or earlier.In most plum orchards in Norway,the spread of PPV by aphids is relatively slow. Therefore, we expect to be ableto eradicate PPV from commercial plum orchards in the near future.The eradication work iscontinuing.
Forfattere
Venche Talgø Gary A. Chastagner Iben M. Thomsen Thomas Cech Kathy Rily Kurt Lange Sonja Klemsdal Arne StensvandSammendrag
For several decades, current-season needle necrosis (CSNN) has been a serious foliage disorder on noble fir (Abies procera) and Nordmann fir (A. nordmanniana) in European and North American Christmas tree and bough plantations. Randomly distributed needles in the new foliage develop chlorotic spots or bands that later may turn necrotic and cause heavy needle cast. We isolated Sydowia polyspora from symptomatic Nordmann fir needles from Austria, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Slovakia, and the U.S., and from Nordmann fir seeds produced in Austria, Denmark, Georgia, and Russia. We also isolated the fungus from noble, Turkish (A. bornmulleriana), grand (A. grandis), and subalpine (A. lasiocarpa) fir needles, and from noble and subalpine fir seeds. Furthermore, S. polyspora was isolated from needles with a missing wax layer around the stomata. Inoculation tests with S. polyspora produced CSNN symptoms on Nordmann fir seedlings and transplants. CSNN spread from tree to tree in a trial in a plastic tunnel in Norway.
Forfattere
Eivind Vangdal Sigrid Flatland Ingvild MehlSammendrag
Experiments with foliar fertilization in plums have been performed in Western Norway. In one experiment possible effects of extra magnesium, potassium and the combination of both magnesium and potassium were compared to control trees given a standard foliar fertilization programme. In the other experiment the standard foliar fertilization programme was compared to control trees given soil fertilization only. Yield and fruit size as well as major fruit quality factors were registered. Leaves and fruit were analysed for major nutrients. No strong effects of foliar application with magnesium and potassium on fruit quality were observed. The treatments did not affect the content of major nutrients in leaves and fruit to such an extent that significant effects on fruit quality would be expected. The foliar fertilization programme tended to delayed maturation of the fruit as the fruit were greener and with less blush colour, firmer and had lower content of soluble solids and higher content of titratable acidity. The changes in separate quality factors were, however, not statistically significant. The foliar fertilized trees tended to have higher content of nitrogen in the leaves and lower content of the other major nutrients.
Forfattere
Arnstein Staverløkk May-Guri Saethre Trond HofsvangSammendrag
The history of Harmonia axyridis and a summary of surveillance and research in Norway till June 2009 are given. H. axyridis was assessed as a potential bio-control agent for use in Norwegian greenhouses in 2001. The risk of establishment outdoors was assessed too high and no permission was given. The first record in Norway was in 2006 when one adult was found on Thuja sp. imported from the Netherlands. In late 2007 and throughout 2008 adults were found indoors/outdoors at several locations in the Oslo-area. Establishment outdoors became evident. Observations in Aust-Agder, Vestfold and Trondheim revealed further spread/introduction to new areas. The bioclimatic potential of H. axyridis was assessed in 2007 by the aid of CLIMEX using national agrometeorological data, showing that suboptimal microclimates for the species can be found in the coastal areas of the south. In late 2008 a web-site was launched aiming to engage the public to submit observations on-line and has contributed to monitor development of the species across the country. Competition experiments with H. axyridis and Coccinella septempunctata in 2008/2009 showed that only H. axyridis eggs and larvae survived when the two species were mixed.