Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
Forfattere
Roar Moe Erling Fløistad dag-ragnar blystadSammendrag
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Forfattere
Claudia Melis Astrid Buset Per Arild Aarrestad Oddvar Hanssen Erling Meisingset Reidar Andersen Arne Moksnes Eivin RøskaftSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Therese With Berge Jan NetlandSammendrag
Status i Norge og internasjonalt presenteres.
Forfattere
Lise GrøvaSammendrag
Presentasjon av forskningsprosjektet: Improved welfare in sheep production. Preventive measures, disease resistance and robustness related to tick-borne fever in sheep.
Forfattere
Bernhard Speiser L Tamm T Amsler J Lambion C Bertrand Arne Hermansen Theo Ruissen Palle Haaland J Zarb J Santos P Shotton S Wilcockson P Juntharathep R Ghorbani C LeifertSammendrag
Late blight of potatoes, caused by Phytopthora infestans, is particularly difficult to prevent or control in organic agriculture. In this study, the host resistance of selected varieties to foliar and tuber blight and their yield under organic growing conditions were assessed in trials carried out in four countries (Switzerland, France, England and Norway) in 2001 and 2002. The objective was to identify new, more resistant varieties, which might replace some of the more susceptible varieties which are currently grown in organic agriculture. In each country, five test varieties were compared with two reference varieties, identical for all sites, and two local popular varieties. In addtion, the effect of copper fungicides was assessed for all varieties in England. Several new potato varieties (Appell, Derby, Innovator and Naturelle in Switzerland; Derby, Eden, Escort and Naturella in France; Sarpo Axona, Eve Balfour, Lady Balfour, Sarpo Mira and Sarpo Tomina in England; N89-1756 and N92-1538 in Norway) proved far less susceptible to foliar and tuber blight than most of the varieties currently grown. However, market requirements could restrict their introduction into practice. The copper fungicide treatment reduced foliar blight severity in all varieties tested in England and in both years, by 27 % on average, and increased yield by 20 % on average, but did not affect tuber blight. In organic farming, a shift towards the use of blight resistant varieties should be strongly encouraged, although this is unlikely to eliminate the need to use copper fungicides.
Forfattere
Christian UhligSammendrag
Soil erosion control mats generally prevent erosion and enhance soil physical conditions for plant growth. However, commonly used mat materials as coconut fiber and synthetic fabrics are naturally poor in plant nutrients and thus do not improve soil chemical properties. The main aim of this paper is to propose alternative materials for the production of erosion control mats, which mutually improves soil physical and chemical properties. Theoretically, the perfect material for soil erosion control mats combines all essential physical properties, e.g. physical stability, together with beneficial biological and chemical properties, like adequate bio-degradability and plant nutrient release. Furthermore, mat material, which promote soil organic matter (SOM) enrichment and thus soil development, would be favourable. From the economically and practically point of view, mat material should be cheap, available and workable. According to a literature review and practical experiences organic material derived from Epilobium angustifolium (fireweed) fulfil several of the above listed requirements. Furthermore, fireweed widely appears in early successional phases within several boreal and temperate vegetation types, and can consequently be considered a natural component for revegetation and soil development of these ecosystems. So far no allelopathic effects of its plant residues have been reported. Additionally benefits by using fireweed for the production of soil erosion control mats may derive from its ability to effectively disperse vegetative and generatively. Root cuttings as small as 2.5 x 1.5 mm were capable of producing adventitious buds and single plants might yield as many as 80,000 seeds per year with a germination rate of up to 100 % (Jobidon 1986 and literature within). Thus, the use of entire fireweed plants, including roots and matured seeds for the production of soil erosion control mats may indirectly support revegetation efforts of disturbed sites. According to Broderick (1990) and Mitich (1999) fireweed may prove to be a good species for artificial revegetation and land rehabilitation projects.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Filip Moldan O. Janne Kjønaas Arne Olav Stuanes Richard Frederic WrightSammendrag
Beginning in 1991, we have added nitrogen (N) to the 0.5-ha, N-poor, coniferous-forested catchment G2 NITREX at Gårdsjön, Sweden, to investigate the consequences of chronic elevated N deposition. We have added 40 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in fortnightly doses of NH4NO3 to the ambient 15 kg N ha−1 yr−1 by means of a sprinkling system. NO3 concentrations in runoff increased during 13 years from < 1 to 70 μeq L−1, and in 2004 comprised about 10% of N input. Inhibition of NO3 immobilisation due to increased availability of NH4 might explain the increased leaching of NO3. C and N pools in the forest floor increased but C/N ratio has not changed. The increase in NO3 leaching thus occurred independently of change in C/N ratio. The results from Gårdsjön demonstrate that increased leaching of inorganic N and decrease in C/N ratio respond to increased N deposition at greatly different time scales. NO3 concentrations increased in runoff although the C/N ratio of forest floor has not changed.
Forfattere
Paal KrokeneSammendrag
Bark beetles and associated phytopathogenic fungi elicit defence responses in conifers that may interfere with beetle establishment and development. Norway spruce is serving as a useful model species for studies of induced defences elicited by beetle attacks, fungal inoculation, and treatment with chemical elicitors.When trees are pretreated with a sublethal dose of fungal inoculations or with the phytohormone methyl jasmonate they become much more resistant to subsequent bark beetle attacks or artificial mass inoculations with fungi. This induced disease resistance follows dose-response dynamics, is nonspecific with respect to the pretreatment organism, appears to be nonsystemic, takes weeks rather than days to become activated, and can also be activated by mechanical wounding alone.Application of methyl jasmonate to Norway spruce stems induces a massive increase in terpene levels and external resin flow on the stem, whereas no increase is observed in soluble phenolics. Methyl jasmonate-application also leads to significantly less bark beetle colonization, with shorter parental galleries and fewer eggs laid in treated bark. There were also reductions in the number of beetles produced and the mean dry weight per beetle in methyl jasmonate-treated bark. Furthermore, fewer beetles were attracted to conspecifics tunneling in MJ-treated bark.The exact mechanisms responsible for induced resistance in Norway spruce and other conifers have not been determined, but inducible anatomical defense responses such as changes in polyphenol-containing parenchyma cells (PP cells) in the phloem and induction of traumatic resin duct formation in the sapwood seem to play an important role.