Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Sammendrag
This paper discusses the monitoring network for diffuse pollution from agriculture in Estonia in the context of implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Nitrate Directive (ND). Seven surface water monitoring stations in agricultural catchments represent two out of three river basin districts designated in Estonia according to the WFD criteria. The national monitoring programme of ground water quality involves 516 stations of which about half were monitored in 2005. The monitoring sites cover all main ground water bodies in Estonia but are largely concentrated in the Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (NVZ). Analyses did not reveal any significant trends in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in studied rivers during the last 15 years except in one site. The ground water quality stabilised after decrease of nitrate concentrations in the early 1990s, especially in the south part of the NVZ, but even in 2005 the nitrate concentration exceeded 50 mg l1 in 42 out of 145 ground water samples in this region. The existing surface water quality monitoring network provides only restricted information to select between different management options when implementing action programmes for the NVZ and the river basin management plans (RBMP) under the WFD.
Forfattere
Jerry Cross Catherine Baroffio Alberto Grassi David Hall Barbara Labanowska Slobodan Milenkovic Thilda Nilsson Margarita Shternshis Christer Torneus Nina Trandem Gabor VetekSammendrag
The sex pheromone of the raspberry cane midge has been identified and synthesised by East Malling Research and Natural Resourced Institute and has proved to be highly attractive and useful for pest monitoring. EMR coordinated a collaborative ring test of standard raspberry cane midge sex pheromone traps in 2006. The aims were to investigate the seasonal temporal pattern of the midge flight in different raspberry production regions of Europe and the relationship between the magnitude of catches and the numbers of eggs and larvae which developed subsequently in artificial splits in the primocane of untreated raspberry plantations. The standard raspberry cane midge sex pheromone trap used for the ring test consisted of a white delta trap containing a 20 x 20 cm sticky base and a rubber septum lure impregnated with 10 μg of the raspberry cane midge sex pheromone racemate. Pairs of traps, separated by >20 m, were deployed in the centre of raspberry plantations at a height of 0.5 m in Italy, Hungary, Norway, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK. The traps proved effective and easy to use for monitoring the flight of adult male raspberry cane midge. There were very large variations (> 30 fold) between plantations in total numbers of midges caught over the season, indicating plantations which are at comparatively low and high risk from the pest. Three generations of adult flight were apparent in Norway, Russia and Sweden and four generations in the central European countries with possibly 5 generations in Italy, though later generations were often difficult to distinguish. In the northern countries, the 1st generation first and peak flight occurred on Julian days 150 and 165, respectively, whereas in Italy the 1st generation first and peak flight occurred approximately on Julian days 110 and 130 respectively. The 1st generation flights occurred much earlier in polytunnel protected crops than in open field crops. Data obtained on the occurrence of larvae were variable in quality but a linear relationship between the peak numbers of males captured in the pheromone traps per week for a given generation (M) and the peak numbers of eggs and larvae per cm in splits in the primocanes for that generation subsequently (L) was apparent (L = 0.025 M; R2=0.61). A nominal threshold of 30 midges per trap per week had been proposed but the linear relationship derived indicates that this threshold, which would result in ~ 0.75 eggs + larvae/cm, is too high. In reality, the degree of larval infestation that occurs and the resultant severity of crop damage will depend on the numbers of natural splits in the crop. The ring test is being continued in several countries in 2007.
Forfattere
V. Rahjoo J. Zad M. Javan-Nikkhah A. Mirzadi Gohari S.M. Okhovvat M.R. Bihamta Jafar Razzaghian Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Kåre Arnstein Lye Halvor B. GjærumSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Sebastian EiterSammendrag
Anmeldt bok: Price, Martin F. editor, 2007. Mountain area research and management: integrated approaches. Earthscan, Sterling, Virginia. xiv + 302 p. $95.00, ISBN: 978-1-84407-427-3.
Forfattere
Hans StabbetorpSammendrag
Tidligere ertedyrking i Norge blir omtalt. Ertenes krav til jord og klima behandles. Forandringer av sortenes egenskaper ved foredling blir omtalt. Ertenes egenskaper og bruksområder og de gode mulighetene for ertedyrking på Toten og i Mjøsområdet blir framhevet.
Forfattere
Kerry O'Donnell Todd J. Ward Dereje Aberra H. Corby Kistler Takayuki Aoki Nathane Orwig Makoto Kimura Åsmund Bjørnstad Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Tove Maria Østensvik Petter Nilsen Kaj Bo VeierstedSammendrag
The goal of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the impact of different physical work station designs, expressed in two different brands of forest vehicles, on the muscle activity patterns in the neck and upper extremities among the vehicle operators. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was continuously recorded bilaterally on the trapezius (TM) and the extensor digitorum muscles (EDM) during one working day among operators driving Timberjack and Valmet vehicles, either as harvesters (n = 7 and 6, respectively) or forwarders (n = 9 and 9, respectively). Both the construction of the crane in relation to the chassis and the design of the control levers vary between the Tim-berjack and Valmet vehicles, which demand different ergonomic performance by the operators. The operators mostly handle control levers in the harvesters or forwarders, the latter with a more varied work load, in a fixed, seated working posture in the cabin for long hours with little rest. The sustained low- level muscle activity was quantified by periods with muscle activity above 0.5 percent EMGmax into 10 predetermined duration intervals from 1.6 to 5 s up to above 20 min (SULMA periods). These SULMA periods were analyzed both for number in the different intervals and cumulated periods above the predefined values. Amplitude and frequency parameters were analyzed and the number and total duration of muscle rest periods were calculated. The operators driving Valmet harvesters had a significantly higher number of long cumulated SULMA periods above 10 min in the left TM, and showed a higher level of static muscle activity and less total duration of muscle rest in TM bilaterally. The operators driving Timberjack forwarders had a significantly higher number of SULMA periods between 10 and 20 min in the right TM. No difference was found between the operators in the EDM activity pattern. The results of our study showed that operators driving Valmet harvesters had more sustained low-level activity in the neck than those driving Timberjack, including a higher number of long cumulated SULMA periods, higher static level, and less muscle rest. Despite a small sample, the results in muscle activity pattern raise the question of needs for improvements of the forest vehicle workstation design.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Mona RingnesSammendrag
Mykorrhiza er betegnelse på det symbiotiske forholdet mellom planter og nyttesopp. I naturen har over 90 prosent av plantene mulighet til å danne mykorrhiza og den er vanlig i alle biomene på land. I landbruket, som i naturen, har mykorrhiza viktige funksjoner for plantenes vekst og næringsopptak.