Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Sammendrag
As part of a project on cultivation and industrial exploitation of European Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus ) started in 2008, berries from different wild populations from South, Mid and North Norway were investigated. One aspect of fruit quality analyses was to identify and describe blueberry aroma profiles. Volatiles were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (Rohloff, 2004). More than 100 compounds could be identified based on MS database search and retention indices, also comprising aroma impact compounds not being described in blueberries earlier (Sydow & Anjou, 1969). Detected aliphatic and aromatic structures belonged to chemical groups such as alkanes, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones and mono- and sesquiterpenes. Ten major compounds (mostly C4-, C6- and C9-structures) accounted for averagely 65-75 % relative amount of all detected peaks. However, HS-SPME analyses revealed complex volatile profiles including terpenes (>20 compounds, e.g. p-cymene, 1,8-cineole, linalool) and aromatic structures (>10 compounds, e.g. benzaldehyde, ethyl benzoate, 2-phenylethyl acetate, benzyl benzoate), which contribute to the characteristic and flavourful blueberry aroma.
Forfattere
Laura Jaakola Mika Paassilta Marko Suokas Inger Martinussen Kristiina Antonius Andreas Åkerström Asdis Helga Bjarnadottir Úlfur Óskarsson Anja Hohtola Simo Moisio Olavi Junttila Ulla Bång Hely HäggmanSammendrag
Wild berries are characteristic part of the Northern nature and a potential speciality of Nordic countries. Wild berries are also a rich and valuable resource that has not yet been exploited in a satisfactory level. Approximately 90-95 per cent of the whole wild berry crop yield is left unpicked in the Nordic forests every year. The challenges of the wild berry utilization are similar in Nordic countries - the logistics of berry picking including traceability, fragmented sector structure as well as the high share of unprocessed raw material in export. The Nordic project focusing on bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) "Bilberry: Towards functional food markets" (2007-2009) is a part of the New Nordic Food programme funded by the Nordic Innovation Centre. The programme aims to enhance cooperation and innovation among companies that utilize the natural resources in the Nordic countries. The aim of the project is to improve wild berry production and utilization in the Nordic and global market. To achieve this goal a network between the Nordic experts presenting the different fields of the wild berry sector has been established. The project has focused on marketing research, quality issues, biodiversity and traceability of wild berries, especially bilberry. The results of the marketing survey were published in November 2008. The aim of the survey was to generate an overall picture of the companies working with wild berries in Nordic countries and gather information on the existence and willingness of the berry companies to cooperate for instance in wild berry supply, logistics, marketing or research and development. According to the results, a general agreement for the need of increased cooperation at the Nordic level was highlighted
Forfattere
Inger Martinussen Jens Rohloff Eivind Uleberg Olavi Junttila Anja Hohtola Laura Jaakola Hely HäggmanSammendrag
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), also called European blueberry, is one of the most significant wild berries in the Nordic countries. The berries are recognized for their bioactive properties and distinctive aroma and flavour. The effects of climate on production and the quality of bilberries have been studied in a controlled experiment in a phytotrone using clonal material. In the experiment individual plants from two Northern clones and two Southern clones of bilberry have been grown at 12° and 18°C. At each temperature 2 different light treatments have been tested; 1) 24 hour (h) natural light (long day) and 2) 12 h natural light (short day). All plants were kept outside during flowering to ensure pollination by insects. Berries were sampled when ripe, weighed and stored at -80°C for later analysis
Sammendrag
Two female and two male cultivars have previously been released as a result of clone evaluation at Bioforsk Nord Holt. Selection criteria have been number of pistils or stamens per flower, number of flowers and number of shoots per m2. Currently a new group of clones are evaluated with the aim of finding new cultivars for release. Preliminary results on flowering and berry production show strong variance in these traits. Over three years of registration, number of produced flowers varied from under 100 for the weakest clone to more than 1000 for the best clone. Number of produced berries varied from 9 for the weakest clone to 242 for the best clone. The three clones that produced most flowers all had very low berry production and deviated from the rest of the clones by having high numbers of flowers per harvested berry. New selection criteria will be considered before selection of new cultivars for release.
Forfattere
Øistein VetheSammendrag
Kort gjennomgang av pågående forskining knyttet til biologisk/våtorganisk avfall i Norge, aktuelle forskningstema og utfordringer framover.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jahn Davik Elena Lopez Girona Daniel J Sargent Monica C Muñoz-Torres Amparo Monfort Julio Bonet Albert G Abbott Pere Arús David W SimpsonSammendrag
BackgroundThe cultivated strawberry Fragaria ×ananassa is one of the most economically-important soft-fruit species. Few structural genomic resources have been reported for Fragaria and there exists an urgent need for the development of physical mapping resources for the genus. The first stage in the development of a physical map for Fragaria is the construction and characterisation of a high molecular weight bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library.MethodsA BAC library, consisting of 18,432 clones was constructed from Fragaria vesca f. semperflorens accession "Ali Baba". BAC DNA from individual library clones was pooled to create a PCR-based screening assay for the library, whereby individual clones could be identified with just 34 PCR reactions. These pools were used to screen the BAC library and anchor individual clones to the diploid Fragaria reference map (FV×FN).FindingsClones from the BAC library developed contained an average insert size of 85 kb, representing over seven genome equivalents. The pools and superpools developed were used to identify a set of BAC clones containing 70 molecular markers previously mapped to the diploid Fragaria FV×FN reference map. The number of positive colonies identified for each marker suggests the library represents between 4× and 10× coverage of the diploid Fragaria genome, which is in accordance with the estimate of library coverage based on average insert size.ConclusionThis BAC library will be used for the construction of a physical map for F. vesca and the superpools will permit physical anchoring of molecular markers using PCR.
Forfattere
Matthias KoeslingSammendrag
Nitrogen i kunstgjødsel har bidratt til stor avlingsøkning de siste 50 år. På den ene siden har økt produktivitet i jordbruket sørget for at en gjennomsnittsfamilie må bruke en langt mindre del av inntekten til innkjøp av mat. På den andre siden blir bruk nitrogen fra kunstgjødsel vurdert som kritisk med hensyn til avrenning og høy energibruk under fremstilling.
Forfattere
Mauritz ÅssveenSammendrag
Resultater fra offisiell verdiprøving av plantesorter danner grunnlaget for godkjenning av nye kornsorter for den norske sortslista. I denne artikkelen omtales alle kornsortene som avsluttet tre års verdiprøving i 2008, og som dermed kan vurderes for godkjenning av Plantesortsnemnda vinteren 2009. Fem byggsorter, tre havresorter og to vårhvetesorter fullførte prøvingen i 2008. Fullført prøving er imidlertid ikke ensbetydende med at alle sorter er like aktuelle for praktisk dyrking.
Forfattere
Bent Egberg Mikkelsen Chen HeSammendrag
Et sunnere kosthold er viktig for å forhindre at barn blir overvektige. I denne sammenheng kan økologisk skolemat være en effektiv strategi for å tilby sunn mat til barn. Mål med denne studien var å se nærmere på dagens situasjon av økologisk skolemat i Danmark ved å gjennomføre en case-studie i tre kommuner på Sjælland, der landets mest utviklede modeller for organisert skolemat finnes. Disse kommunene har til felles at salg av økologisk mat ved barneskoler ble introdusert for noen år tilbake, men tilnærmingen er ganske forskjellig. I København ble et stort sentralkjøkken etablert, hvor også økologisk mat tilberedes. Maten blir varmet opp og solgt gjennom kiosker på skolene. I Roskilde er det et samarbeid med en økologisk matleverandør og maten selges i skolekantiner. I Gladsaxe tilbereder og selger deltidsansatte maten i den enkelte skolen. Disse ansatte har fått opplæring om økologisk mat av en kommunal koordinator. Basert på intervjuer med sentrale informanter i de tre kommunene beskriver rapporten de involverte aktørene, barrierer og framtidige planer for å øke forbruk av økologisk mat i skolemåltidene. Likheter og forskjeller mellom kommunene blir diskutert.De største utfordringene for økt forbruk av økologisk mat i skoler er knyttet til manglende infrastruktur i skolene, som kjøkken og spiserom, og at systemene som ble utviklet hittil ikke er særlig forankret blant elevene, lærerne, andre skoleansatte og foreldrene.