Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
Authors
Michel VerheulAbstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Authors
Diogo N. Cosenza Petteri Packalén Matti Maltamo Petri Varvia Janne Räty Paula Soares Margarida Tomé Jacob L. Strunk Lauri KorhonenAbstract
Semi- and nonparametric models are popular in the area-based approach (ABA) using airborne laser scanning. It is unclear, however, how many predictors and training plots are needed to provide accurate predictions without overfitting. This work aims to explore these limits for various approaches: ordinary least squares regression (OLS), generalized additive models (GAM), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and Gaussian process regression (GPR). We modeled timber volume (m3·ha–1) for four boreal sites using ABA with 2–39 predictors and 20–500 training plots. OLS, GAM, LASSO, and SVM overfitted as the number of predictors approached the number of training plots. They required ≥15 plots per predictor to provide accurate predictions (RMSE ≤30%). GAM required ≥250 plots regardless of the number of predictors. The number of predictors only mildly affected RF and GPR, but they required ≥200 and ≥250 training plots, respectively. RF did not overfit in any circumstances, whereas GPR overfit even with 500 training plots. Overall, using up to 39 predictors did not generally result in overfit, and for most model types, it resulted in better accuracy for sufficiently large datasets (≥250 plots).
Authors
Randi Seljåsen Barbara Kusznierewicz Agnieszka Bartoszek Jørgen A.B. Mølmann Ingunn M. VågenAbstract
Biosynthesis of phytochemicals in leaves of Brassica can be initiated by abiotic factors. The aim of the study was to investigate elicitor treatments to add value to waste of cabbage. A leaf waste fraction from industrial trimming of head cabbage was exposed to UV radiation (250–400 nm, 59 and 99 kJ∙m−2, respectively), photosynthetic active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm, 497 kJ∙m−2), and ultrasound in water bath (35 kHz, at 15, 30 and 61 kJ∙l−1 water), in order to improve nutraceutical concentration. UV was more effective than PAR to increase the level of flavonols (2 to 3-fold higher) and hydroxycinnamate monosaccharides (1 to 10-fold higher). PAR was three times as effective as UV to increase anthocyanins. Interaction of PAR + UV increased antioxidant activity (30%), the content of five phenolics (1.4 to 10-fold higher), and hydroxycinnamic monosaccharides (compared with PAR or UV alone). Indoles were reduced (40–52%) by UV, but the other glucosinolates (GLS) were unaffected. Ultrasound did not influence any parameters. The results are important for white cabbage by-products by demonstrating that UV + PAR can be successfully used as an effectual tool to increase important phenolics and antioxidant activity of waste fraction leaves without an adverse effect on the main GLS.
Abstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Authors
Ercan Yildiz Mehmet Yaman Sezai Ercisli Ahmet Sumbul Osman Sonmez Adem Gunes Mehmet Ramazan Bozhuyuk Darius KviklysAbstract
The plant pomological characteristics and physiological behaviors of genotypes in modern apple cultivation could be different depending on the use of rootstock, changing growth ecology and application of biological control agents. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of rhizobacteria application on leaf and fruit nutrient contents in different apple scion–rootstock combinations. This study was carried out with seven standard cultivars (Scarlet Spur, Red Chief, Fuji, Jeromine, Galaxy Gala, Granny Smith, and Golden Reinders) budded on M.9 and MM.106 rootstocks. In the experiment, trees were sprayed by a nitrogen + phosphorus solvent rhizobacteria three times, with an interval of 15 days in the spring period. The effect of rhizobacteria application on leaf and fruit nutrient contents was statistically significant and provided generally significant positive contributions, except for leaf Mg content. Comparing both rootstocks, the positive effect of bacterial application was higher on the M.9 rootstock for leaf N and B content and fruit N and Fe content, and on the MM.106 rootstock for other nutrient content. While the effects of bacterial application on the basis of cultivars were generally positive, the highest positive contribution was made in leaf P content (10.7%) and fruit Mn content (32.1%) of the Fuji cultivar. Considering the total increase in nutrients in scion–rootstocks combination, rhizobacteria application had a positive effect on the leaf nutrient contents in Golden Reinders/MM.106, but not leaf K content. The highest increases in leaves of scion-rootstock combinations were determined as 4.0% in N content in Granny Smith/M.9, 14.1% in P content in Scarlet Spur/MM.106, 7.1% in K content in Fuji/MM.106, 4.4% in Ca content in Jeromine/M.9, and 14.0% in Mg content in Granny Smith/MM.106. The highest increase in fruit nutrient contents was between 4.9% (N content) and 13.5% (Ca content) for macro elements, and between 9.5% (Cu content) and 41.8% (Mn content) for microelements. The results of the present study may provide significant leads for further studies on this subject.
Abstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Abstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Authors
Marie-Therese Krieger Julia Ditton Harald Albrecht Luise Linderl Johannes Kollmann Leonardo H. TeixeiraAbstract
Changes in grassland management lead to alterations in community structure and can facilitate rapid expansion of both non-native and native invaders. Light availability differs greatly depending on grassland density, and competition for light is an important component of species dynamics. In this study, we examined if light reduction is an effective method to suppress a native invader in pre-alpine meadows of low to moderate land-use intensity. Our study focused on the effects of shading and other site conditions on vegetative and generative growth of Jacobaea aquatica, a poisonous hemicryptophyte regionally spreading in C Europe. We hypothesized that negative shade effects occur in addition to suppression by high grassland productivity, moist climate and less intense management. Furthermore, we postulated that shading affects vegetative growth more than reproduction. To understand the effects of shading we conducted a greenhouse experiment with plants grown under different shading nets. These results were compared to data gathered from 20 field sites that represented a distinct gradient in grassland management and shading. Overall, performance of generative J. aquatica plants was reduced by shading in the greenhouse, while density of vegetative plants was reduced in the field. In the greenhouse, plants affected by shading had significantly fewer flower heads and slightly smaller rosettes. Under field conditions, shading effects occurred together with additional environmental factors, while density of vegetative plants was significantly reduced by shading. Our data show that while realising high shading effects in the field is hard to accomplish, light reduction still has an influence on plant performance and population density, and could therefore be used to suppress the invasive native J. aquatica. In low to moderate intensity grasslands, suppression can be achieved by delaying the first mowing, thus enhancing shading. We conclude that manipulating environmental filters to increase resource competition is recommended as an alternative management tool to control the abundance of invasive native plants in grassland.
Abstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Authors
Adam O`Toole Ole Erik Lunder Simon Weldon Alexandra Rassat Erik J. Joner Vibeke Lind Daniel RasseAbstract
En oppsummering av utredning som tar hensyn til både vitenskapelige funn og praktisk erfaring viser: Positive effekter mht. forbedring av jordkvalitet, men begrenset avlingseffekt i Norden Samlete funn fra internasjonal forskning viser generelt at biokull bidrar positivt til både forbedring av jordkvalitet og avling. Forskning fra Norge og Norden viser en beskjeden positiv effekt på jordkvalitet, og ingen effekt på planteavling når ubehandlet biokull ble tiført dyrkingsjorda. Innblanding av biokull i næringsrik biorest (fra biogassanlegg) har enten ingen eller en liten positiv effekt på planteavlinger, og vi anbefaler mer forskning for optimalisering for slik bruk. Biokull kan forbedre komposteringprosesser og redusere klimagassutslipp under kompostering Biokull bidrar positivt til forbedring av komposteringsprosesser, og de fleste studier viser en reduksjon i produksjon av N2O og CH4 under kompostering med biokull, samt redusert tap av NH3. Effekten av biokull er størst når biokull tilsettes ved oppstart av en komposteringsprosess. Biokulltilsetning gir raskere kompostering og et mer stabilt og hygienisert produkt. Kompost-biokull-blandinger gir ikke økt planteavling sammenlignet med kompost uten biokull. Biokull i gjødselvarer kan gi økt avling, og bedre utnytelse av næringsstoffer, men teknologien trenger videre utvikling og det finnes ingen slike produkter på markedet i Norge. Internasjonal forskning viser at når biokull brukes som del av en gjødselvare, øker avlingene i snitt med ca. 17% sammenlignet med kontrollbehandlinger med samme mengde N-gjødsling, men uten biokull. Binding av næringsstoffer på biokulloverflater krever mer avansert teknologi enn opprinnelig antatt. Mens mye forskning pågår internasjonalt og i Norge, har vi ingen produkter på markedet i Norge for utprøving. Utvikling av biokullfilter for gjenvinning av NH3 i gjødselværer kan også bli en lovende teknologi. Biokull i fôr til husdyr kan bedre dyrehelse Tilskudd av biokull i dietten til fjørfe, svin og drøvtyggere har vist å kunne bedre dyrehelse og redusere sykdom forårsaket av en rekke patogene bakterier. Undersøkelsene er utenlandske, og det er ikke gjennomført forsøk i Norge som kan vise slike resultater. Forsøk gjennomført av NIBIO viser at tilsetning av 2 % biokull i fôret til lam i 6 uker ikke påvirket totalt fôropptak. Tilsetning av biokull ved fôring av smågris utført på gårder i Innlandet viste redusert forekomst av diaré, og i noen tilfeller vektøkning. Ellers varierte resultatene mellom dyreinnsett, uten klare positive eller negative effekter. Varierende effekter på binding av tungmetaller, avhengig av jordtype og type biokull Forsøk med ulike typer forurenset og naturlig tungmetallrik jord (bl.a. alunskiferjord) der biokull ble tilsatt for å redusere opptak i planter, har vist varierende effekt mht. ulike tungmetaller, ulike typer biokull og ulike typer jord og planter. Biokull med gode bindingsegenskaper bør testes for å optimalisere denne anvendelsen.