Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Forfattere
David Kopecký Joost Baert Susanne Barth J Bartos Vladimir Cernoch J. Dolezel Dermot Grogan John Harper M. Humphreys T. Ksiazczyk Liv Østrem E. Paszkowski Dejan Sokolovič Zbigniew Zwierzykowski Marc GhesquièreSammendrag
A comprehensive set of Festulolium cultivars from on-going field trials in the Eucarpia network was characterised at the chromosome level using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and by Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers. Both technologies were found to be complementary in describing the breeding history of the plant material. The genomic composition of the Lolium X Festuca cultivars varied from those that comprised equivalent proportions of their parental genomes to introgression lines where small chromosome segments of Festuca had been translocated onto Lolium chromosomes. The breadth of genotype combinations found within the grass cultivars described represents an important resource of genetic variations necessary to combat the diverse abiotic stresses encountered within Europe, including safeguards against prolonged exposure to harsh weather conditions. It is likely that in future plant breeding, genotyping will contribute to precision-transfers of targeted Festuca genes into Lolium germplasm in order to enhance resilience to climate change.
Sammendrag
Several studies have shown the positive effect of nitrogen fertilization on conifer growth. In young Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands, an additional effect of including a mixture of other nutrients has often, but not always, been found. We studied effects of repeated fertilization in 28 stands with young Norway spruce in central Norway. The treatments consisted of plots without nutrient addition (Control), fertilization with 150 kg N ha−1 (150 N), and fertilization with 150 kg N plus addition of P, K, Mg, B, Mn and Cu (150 N + mix), repeated three times with approximately eight years interval. There was a clear positive effect on volume increment of the 150 N and 150 N + mix treatments compared to Control, and the effect was significantly higher for 150 N + mix than for 150 N. Fertilization had a stronger effect in the first fertilization period than in the second, while the third period was intermediate. The effect of 150 N + mix was strongest at plots > 300 m a.s.l. However, this correlation may be due to geological conditions rather than elevation. Further studies are needed to find out under which edaphic conditions a nutrient mixture will increase growth substantially in young spruce stands.
Forfattere
Markus Berger Stephanie Eisner Ruud van der Ent Martina Flörke Andreas Link Joseph Poligkeit Vanessa Bach Matthias FinkbeinerSammendrag
Due to the increasing relevance of analyzing water consumption along product life cycles, the water accounting and vulnerability evaluation model (WAVE) has been updated and methodologically enhanced. Recent data from the atmospheric moisture tracking model WAM2-layers is used to update the basin internal evaporation recycling (BIER) ratio, which denotes atmospheric moisture recycling within drainage basins. Potential local impacts resulting from water consumption are quantified by means of the water deprivation index (WDI). Based on the hydrological model WaterGAP3, WDI is updated and methodologically refined to express a basin’s vulnerability to freshwater deprivation resulting from the relative scarcity and absolute shortage of water. Compared to the predecessor version, BIER and WDI are provided on an increased spatial and temporal (monthly) resolution. Differences compared to annual averages are relevant in semiarid and arid basins characterized by a high seasonal variation of water consumption and availability. In order to support applicability in water footprinting and life cycle assessment, BIER and WDI are combined to an integrated WAVE+ factor, which is provided on different temporal and spatial resolutions. The applicability of the WAVE+ method is proven in a case study on sugar cane, and results are compared to those obtained by other impact assessment methods.
Sammendrag
In recent years, slatted floors made of materials like fiber composite and plastic have been introduced in animal housing systems. These modern floor types are claimed to have low heat conductivity and hence be “better” for the sheep than expanded metal, but the actual preference in sheep has not yet been tested. The aim of this study was to investigate the preference of ewes for different floor materials at low ambient temperatures. The experiment was performed in a non-insulated building and the indoor air temperature varied from -11.8 to + 3 °C. Each experimental pen measured 3.0 x 2.0 m (total 6.0 m2) and were divided into two equal sections (A and B). A total of 30 non-pregnant ewes were sheared and allocated to one of ten stable groups with three animals per group. Five different floor types – expanded metal, slatted floor made of fiber composite, slatted floor made of plastic, solid floor made of wood and solid floor consisting of a rubber mat, were installed in section A and B in the experimental pens. Groups were habituated to all floor material combinations and systematically rotated through the ten pens. Behaviors were scored from 20 hour video recordings using instantaneous sampling at 10 minute intervals. In addition, heat conductivity properties of the five different floor materials were tested. On days with low temperatures, the ewes were standing or walking more, resting less, eating or drinking more and resting more in physical contact than on days with higher temperatures. When given the choice, ewes showed clear preferences for standing/walking and resting on solid floor materials than on slatted floors. This is consistent with earlier preference tests on sheared sheep. Ewes did not seem to show a clear preference for one slatted floor material over another for resting. The proportion of time spent standing/walking in the pen was steadily reduced as air temperature in the barn increased. The present experiment suggests that none of the floor combinations had thermal properties that adversely affect resting and other general behaviors of the animals. The heat conductivity properties were similar among the slatted floors. In conclusion, the claimed favorable thermal properties of plastic slatted floors and fiber composite were not confirmed. There must be other properties of the floor than heat conductivity that influences the preference in ewes.
Forfattere
Roland Bol Gerard Gruau Per-Erik Mellander Rémi Dupas Marianne Bechmann Eva Skarbøvik Magdalena Bieroza Faruk Djodjic Miriam Glendell Philip Jordan Bas van der Grift Michael Rode Erik Smolders Mieke Verbeeck Sen Gu Erwin Klumpp Ina Pohle Maelle Fresne Chantal Gascuel-OdouxSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jian Liu Peter J. A. Kleinman Helena Aronsson Don Flaten Richard W. McDowell Marianne Bechmann Douglas B. Beegle Timothy P. Robinson Ray B. Bryant Hongbin Liu Andrew N. Sharpley Tamie L. VeithSammendrag
Winter manure application elevates nutrient losses and impairment of water quality as compared to manure applications in other seasons. In conjunction with reviewing global distribution of animal densities, we reviewed worldwide mandatory regulations and voluntary guidelines on efforts to reduce off-site nutrient losses associated with winter manure applications. Most of the developed countries implement regulations or guidelines to restrict winter manure application, which range from a regulative ban to guidelines based upon weather and field management conditions. In contrast, developing countries lack such official directives, despite an increasing animal production industry and concern over water quality. An analysis of five case studies reveals that directives are derived from a common rationale to reduce off-site manure nutrient losses, but they are also affected by local socioeconomic and biophysical considerations. Successful programs combine site-specific management strategies along with expansion of manure storage to offer farmers greater flexibility in winter manure management.
Forfattere
Rachel Cassidy Philip Jordan Marianne Bechmann Brian Kronvang Katarina Kyllmar Mairead ShoreSammendrag
Achieving an operational compromise between spatial coverage and temporal resolution in national scale river water quality monitoring is a major challenge for regulatory authorities, particularly where chemical concentrations are hydrologically dependent. The efficacy of flow-weighted composite sampling (FWCS) approaches for total phosphorus (TP) sampling (n = 26–52 analysed samples per year), previously applied in monitoring programmes in Norway, Sweden and Denmark, and which account for low to high flow discharges, was assessed by repeated simulated sampling on high resolution TP data. These data were collected in three research catchments in Ireland over the period 2010–13 covering a base-flow index range of 0.38 to 0.69. Comparisons of load estimates were also made with discrete (set time interval) daily and sub-daily sampling approaches (n = 365 to >1200 analysed samples per year). For all years and all sites a proxy of the Norwegian sampling approach, which is based on re-forecasting discharge for each 2-week deployment, proved most stable (median TP load estimates of 87–98%). Danish and Swedish approaches, using long-term flow records to set a flow constant, were only slightly less effective (median load estimates of 64–102% and 80–96%, respectively). Though TP load estimates over repeated iterations were more accurate using the discrete approaches, particularly the 24/7 approach (one sample every 7 h in a 24 bottle sampler - median % load estimates of 93–100%), composite load estimates were more stable, due to the integration of multiple small samples (n = 100–588) over a deployment.
Forfattere
Liv Østrem Marcin Rapacz Arild Larsen Petter Marum Odd Arne RognliSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Emily Hill Sveinn Are Hanssen Bjørn Munro Jenssen Anette Fenstad Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski Syverin Lierhagen Jón Einar Jónsson Thordur Ôrn Kristjansson Thomas Holm Carlsen Geir W. Gabrielsen Børge MoeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag