Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
Forfattere
Aritz Royo-Esnal Andrea Onofri Donato Loddo Jevgenija Necajeva Peter K. Jensen Garifalia Economou Alireza Taab Agnieszka Synowiec Isabel M. Calha Lars Andersson Ahmet Uludag Ilhan Uremis Alistair J. Murdoch Kirsten TørresenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Aritz Royo-Esnal Andrea Onofri Alireza Taab Donato Loddo Jevgenija Necajeva Ahmet Uludag Agnieszka Synowiec Isabel M. Calha Lars Andersson Peter K. Jensen Ilhan Uremis Garifalia Economou Alistair J. Murdoch Kirsten TørresenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Reusing soil can reduce environmental impacts associated with obtaining natural fresh soil during road construction and analogous activities. However, the movement and reuse of soils can spread numerous plant diseases and pests, including propagules of weeds and invasive alien plant species. To avoid the spread of barnyardgrass in reused soil, its seeds must be killed before that soil is spread to new areas. We investigated the possibility of thermal control of barnyardgrass seeds using a prototype of a stationary soil steaming device. One Polish and four Norwegian seed populations were examined for thermal sensitivity. To mimic a natural range in seed moisture content, dried seeds were moistened for 0, 12, 24, or 48 h before steaming. To find effective soil temperatures and whether exposure duration is important, we tested target soil temperatures in the range 60 to 99 C at an exposure duration of 90 s (Experiment 1) and exposure durations of 30, 90, or 180 s with a target temperature of 99 C (Experiment 2). In a third experiment, we tested exposure durations of 90, 180, and 540 s at 99 C (Experiment 3). Obtaining target temperatures was challenging. For target temperatures of 60, 70, 80, and 99 C, the actual temperatures obtained were 59 to 69, 74 to 76, 77 to 83, and 94 to 99 C, respectively. After steaming treatments, seed germination was followed for 28 d in a greenhouse. Maximum soil temperature affected seed germination, but exposure duration did not. Seed premoistening was of influence but varied among temperatures and populations. The relationships between maximum soil temperature and seed germination were described by a common dose–response function. Seed germination was reduced by 50% when the maximum soil temperature reached 62 to 68 C and 90% at 76 to 86 C. For total weed control, 94 C was required in four populations, whereas 79 C was sufficient in one Norwegian population.
Forfattere
Paul Eric Aspholm Juho Vuolteenaho Hallvard Jensen Cornelya Klutsch Helena Klöckener Snorre HagenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Ammar Shihan Philippe Barre Venera Copani Rajae Kallida Liv Østrem Giorgio Testa Mark R. Norton Jean-Paul Sampoux Florence VolaireSammendrag
1. The persistence of perennial herbaceous species is threatened by increasing aridity. However, summer dormancy is a strategy conferring superior survival to grasses adapted to hot and dry summers. The role of temperature on the induction of summer dormancy was investigated in the perennial grass Dactylis glomerata to analyse the potential expression of this strategy under warmer climates. 2. We tested seven populations of D. glomerata originating from Morocco to Norway across the same latitudinal gradient in a five-site experiment. One population of the highly summer-dormant grass Poa bulbosa was used as a reference. Plants were grown from autumn in pots under full irrigation for 1 year mostly under open-air shelters. Heading date (ear emergence preceding flowering) was recorded and foliage senescence was assessed from end of spring until autumn. The maximum plant senescence under summer irrigation indicated the level of dormancy expression. Summer dormancy onset, release, expression and duration were modelled as a function of climatic variables. 3. From north to south, the duration of summer dormancy of the Mediterranean populations of D. glomerata and P. bulbosa ranged from 0 to 122 days, and 79 to 200 days, respectively. P. bulbosa was always completely dormant, while dormancy expression of D. glomerata was positively correlated with the sum of temperatures from winter onset (R2 = 0.57) and with the mean of minimum temperatures in summer (R2 = 0.73). Dormancy onset, release and duration were also positively correlated with thermal time from winter onset, while the duration of summer dormancy was longer as maximum temperatures increased. Mapping the European regions with climates allowing the expression of summer dormancy in D. glomerata showed that the potentially inductive areas for this strategy may expand in parallel with increasing summer aridity under a future climate warming scenario. 4. Synthesis. The large phenotypic variability of the expression of summer dormancy in D. glomerata was driven by temperature, suggesting that this strategy may have a greater role in higher latitudes to increase plant survival over the predicted hotter and drier summers. Leveraging this strategy for the choice and selection of suitable populations could enhance future adaptation of major perennial grasses to climate change.
Forfattere
Boban Djordjević Dejan Djurović Gordan Zec Dragana Dabić Zagorac Maja Natić Mekjell Meland Milica Fotirić AkšićSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Diogo N. Cosenza Petteri Packalén Matti Maltamo Petri Varvia Janne Räty Paula Soares Margarida Tomé Jacob L. Strunk Lauri KorhonenSammendrag
Semi- and nonparametric models are popular in the area-based approach (ABA) using airborne laser scanning. It is unclear, however, how many predictors and training plots are needed to provide accurate predictions without overfitting. This work aims to explore these limits for various approaches: ordinary least squares regression (OLS), generalized additive models (GAM), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and Gaussian process regression (GPR). We modeled timber volume (m3·ha–1) for four boreal sites using ABA with 2–39 predictors and 20–500 training plots. OLS, GAM, LASSO, and SVM overfitted as the number of predictors approached the number of training plots. They required ≥15 plots per predictor to provide accurate predictions (RMSE ≤30%). GAM required ≥250 plots regardless of the number of predictors. The number of predictors only mildly affected RF and GPR, but they required ≥200 and ≥250 training plots, respectively. RF did not overfit in any circumstances, whereas GPR overfit even with 500 training plots. Overall, using up to 39 predictors did not generally result in overfit, and for most model types, it resulted in better accuracy for sufficiently large datasets (≥250 plots).
Forfattere
Ida Marie Luna Fløystad Paul Eric Aspholm Per John Aslaksen Anti Ann Maret Eira Mahtte Ailu Utsi Gaup Aslak Ole Eira Trond-Erik Markussen Geir-Arne Evanger Tor-Einar Bones Torfinn Strømseth Christina Martin Stig Ronald Sletten Gina Uthus Ingrid Helle Søvik Ane-Sofie B. Hansen Oda Rustad Snorre Hagen Hans Geir EikenSammendrag
Hår fra brunbjørn ble samlet inn i hårfeller med luktstoff i et 1075 km2 stort område i Karasjok kommune og i et 525 km2 stort område i indre Troms (Troms og Finnmark fylke) i løpet av 2 måneder fra juni til august i 2021. Det ble brukt et 5 x 5 km rutesystem med én hårfelle i hver rute, og der hårfellen ble flyttet etter én måned til en annen lokalitet i samme rute. Hårrøttene ble DNA-analysert med 8 genetiske markører. I Karasjok var området utvidet med studieområdet i Valjohka til totalt 43 hårfeller i år mot 16 feller i tidligere år. Her ble det samlet inn 178 hårprøver (i tillegg til 5 ekskrementprøver), og 106 (60%) var positive for brunbjørn. Det ble påvist 11 ulike bjørner (6 hannbjørn og 5 hunnbjørn) i det sammenhengende området Karasjok/Valjohka. Av disse 11 bjørnene var kun 2 bjørner (en hann og en hunn) nye i år. Utvidet DNA-familieanalyse med 12 genetiske markører påviste mulige lokale foreldre for begge de nye bjørnene. Sentralt i Karasjok (16 feller) ble prosjektet utført i samme område og tidsrom som i 2019 (9 ind.) og 2020 (8 ind.), og viser i år en liten nedgang i antallet bjørn (6 ind.) og bjørnetetthet (0,15 bjørn/10km2 mot hhv 0.23 og 0.20 bjørn/10km2). Tidsmessig informasjon viste at flest bjørner ble påvist i begynnelsen av august, mens kun én bjørn ble påvist i juni. For første gang ble det satt ut hårfeller for brunbjørn i indre Troms, med 21 hårfeller i 3 mindre områder. DNA- analysen viste at 2 av de 16 innsamlede hårprøvene (13 %) og 2 av de 4 ekrementprøvene var positive for brunbjørn, og det ble påvist 2 ulike bjørner (bjørnetetthet på 0,04 bjørn/10 km2). Begge var tidligere kjente bjørner som kun er påvist i dette området i indre Troms. Hårfellemetoden med DNA- analyse av hårrøtter gir unik geografisk og tidsmessig informasjon om brunbjørn, og fremtidige prosjekter bør derfor utføres i større sammenhengende områder i flere påfølgende år slik som i Karasjok for å oppnå sikre resultater.