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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2015

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Sammendrag

Some labour market consequences of transitions in the agriculture sector are examined by combining 20-year unbalanced panel data from Norwegian farm households and logit modeling of transition probabilities. The multi-dimensionality of the problem follows from two decision makers having four possible choices in each period: the farm operator and spouse can be working fully on the farm or having supplementary outside occupation. Transitions are modeled by five logit models. The most flexible model has a high number of parameters. Overall, the results indicate that transitions have mainly been directed towards the state where both partners work off the farm. An increasing livestock reduces the probability of moving to states with substantial off-farm labour participation. Increasing farm size tends to have the opposite effect. Recent on-farm investments come out with ambiguous effects. Having children seems to motivate operators to withdraw from off-farm labour and spouses to stay in or enter off-farm employment.

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Sammendrag

The mechanical properties of thermally modified wood are discussed with regard to toughness. The molecular origins of the mechanical properties and, in particular, the role of the hemicelluloses are considered. The important role of water and its interaction with the cell wall components is also examined. The properties are discussed from the point of view of composite theory, with the three main macromolecular components acting as reinforcement, matrix and interfacial coupling agent. The important role that hemicelluloses play as a coupling agent between the cellulosic microfibril reinforcement and the lignin-rich matrix is highlighted. Destruction of the hemicelluloses during the thermal modification process has a profound effect upon the mechanical behaviour.

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© 2015 Strimbeck, Schaberg, Fossdal, Schröder and Kjellsen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.