Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2015
Foredrag – Carbon starvation or opportunistic strategy?
Sabine Rosner, Saskia Luss, Jan Svetlik, ...
Forfattere
Sabine Rosner Saskia Luss Jan Svetlik Kjell Andreassen Isabella Børja Lise Dalsgaard R Evans Ole Einar Tveito Svein SolbergSammendrag
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Forfattere
Ingeborg Callesen Robert Harrison Inge Stupak Jeff Hatten Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen James Boyle Nicholas Clarke Darlene ZabowskiSammendrag
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Forfattere
Stephan Hoffmann Dirk Jaeger Siegmar Schoenherr Bruce TalbotSammendrag
This case study examines the performance of the Igland Hauler employed in small diameter Eucalyptus clear-cut operations in Guangxi, China. A yarding crew of eight persons was monitored by a snap back elemental time study for 19.23 SMH (scheduled machine hours), with 159 yarding cycles and a yarded log volume at landing of 49.4 m³ solid over bark. A gross-productivity of 2.50 m³/SMH and net-productivity of 5.06 m³/PMH0 (productive machine hours excluding delay times) was achieved, leading to a machine utilization rate of 49.5%. The costs of the yarder and associated overhead as well as the personnel costs of a large crew with eight people sum up to extraction costs of 50.24 USD/m³. The high costs make it difficult to compete economically with the locally common manual extraction system as long as abundant labor at a low hourly rate is available in the region. Further performance improvement through skill development, but also technical and organizational system modification in conjunction with rising wages and decreasing labor force in rural primary production will determine the justification of employing such yarding systems. However, new silvicultural regimes with extended rotations and supply requirements of the forest products industry in China demand new operational systems.
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Forfattere
Lampros LamprinakisSammendrag
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Forfattere
Irene Biancarosa Nina Sylvia Liland Daan Biemans Christian Guido Bruckner Heidi Amlund Bente Elisabeth Torstensen Erik-Jan LockSammendrag
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Forfattere
Janka Dibdiakova Liang Wang Hailong LiSammendrag
Efficient and profitable biomass combustion is often limited by ash related operational problems. Knowledge of the ash melting and sintering is of important, in terms of predict and reduce ash-related problems in biomass-fired boilers. In this study, chemical composition and melting behaviors of ashes from the four parts of P. sylvestris trees were investigated. The four parts from Pinus sylvestris trees are stem wood, bark, branch base and twigs. A simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA) was used to characterize the melting behavior of selected biomass fuels in oxidizing atmosphere. Ash melting process was identified as the distinctive endothermic peaks on recorded DSC curves. The results showed that the stem wood of pine contains higher contents of most of the ash forming matters than other tree parts. Chemical composition of ashes from four parts of the pine tree is dominated by element Ca, K, Mg, Mn, P and Si. The K, Na and P contents in the twigs are significantly higher than that of stem wood, bark, and branch base indicating high tendency of ash melting and slagging. STA experiments indicated that the melting process of the studied fuel ashes start in the temperature range of 930-965 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). Analyses results showed that the stem wood ash remains loose structure even after 1000 °C sintering treatment. But the ashes originated from top branch show sign of sintering at 1000 °C. The obtained results of present work can be considered as useful information within an industry interest for a prediction of the forest biomass ash melting behavior.