Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2002
Forfattere
Klaus MittenzweiSammendrag
The growing concern about sub-national domestic support to agriculture is caused by the increased international monitoring of agricultural policies (through the WTO and the OECD) combined with the resulting problems of broadening the scope of agricultural policies to include rural development concerns. In this study, the term «sub-national» is defined as including any level of governance below a country’s (or a group of countries’) top level of governance. Australia, the EU, and the United States are selected as case studies in an attempt to describe and compare the evidence, significance, and reporting procedures of sub-national domestic support. These countries are major actors in world agricultural markets, possess considerable political power to influence international negotiation outcomes, and are able to set standards in the way sub-national domestic support is reported. The study shows that sub-national domestic support is evident in all countries investigated, but its significance varies considerably. Measured as a percentage of total domestic support, sub-national domestic support accounted for 5% and 15% in the US and the EU, respectively, while it reached 50% in Australia. The main reasons for the differences can be found in the historical development of the countries’ governance structure in general and the evolution of the countries’ agricultural policies in particular. […]
Forfattere
Mekjell Meland Magne Moe Eivind VangdalSammendrag
Vanleg praksis ved etablering av eit intensivt fruktfelt er å planta trea på ei vegetasjonsfri stripe. Denne stripa vert halden vegetasjonsfri gjennom omløpet og hindrar konkurranse med andre planteslag om vatn og næring. Kjemisk reinhald har til no vore det rimelegaste og enklaste å gjennomføra. Denne artikkelen gjer greie for forsøk med kompost som jordforbetrings- og dekkemateriale i planteradene hjå epletre i to vekstsesongar. Ulike mengder med fersk kompost (5, 10 og 15 cm tjukt dekke saman med ubehandla) vart lagt ut i fruktrerekkja til eplesorten "Gravenstein" i 1999. Registreringane gjekk over to feltsesongar. Eit dekke med 10 cm fersk kompost i frukttrerekkja hemma oppspiring av frøugras i ein vekstsesong. Komposten frigav lite av dei lettløyseleg minerala kalium, fosfor, magnesium og kalsium til jorda første vekstsesongen. Men nitrogenet vart frigjort og teke opp i trea proporsjonalt med mengda av kompost tilført. Ny tilføring av kompost andre året førte til markert auke i jordreaksjonen og dei lettløyselege næringsemna i jorda, men ikkje til auka opptak i plantene. Tilføring av ulike mengder med kompost hadde liten innverknad på avling eller fruktkvalitet.
Sammendrag
Several strong westerly storms hit Western Norway during the winter of 1986-87. We studied the uptake, loss and visible effects of sea salt aerosols in Scots pine and Norway spruce. Foliage of was sampled at distances 0-100 km from the coastline between 59¢ª and 65¢ª N, and analysed for chloride, sodium and other elements. The range of chloride and sodium concentrations in needles was 0.5-5.0, and 0.1-3.0 mg g-1, respectively. The local variation was very large close to the coast. The relation to distance from the sea was improved by using distance from the nearest fjord rather than from the outer coastline. Other elements were less variable and not related to distance from the sea, or to sea salt concentrations. Only 1-10% of the needles sea salt content could be removed by 2 minutes washing in distilled water, and still much less of other elements. The amount of sea salt removed by washing was less related to distance from the sea than was the total content. Visible damage to the foliage occurred at chloride concentrations above 1 mg g-1 in the needles. Our conclusions are that analysis of the needles chloride or sodium content is a robust method for confirming damage to tree foliage by sea salt aerosols. Fjords as well as the ocean are significant sources of sea salt aerosols. Large local variation in salt deposition and damage will occur at a rugged coast. Nutrients and other elements are not significantly affected by the sea salt deposition. The use of chloride or sodium as a tracer for dry deposition should take into account not only the enrichment of these elements in canopy throughfall, but also the accumulation in the needles.
Forfattere
Ken Olaf StoraunetSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jørund RolstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Arne Sandnes Halvor SolheimSammendrag
Tree resistance to the patogenic blue stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica was studied in a monoclonal stand of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L] Karst.) in relation to tree social status and diameter at breast height (DBH). The DBH distribution of the 33-year-old stand ranged from 5 to 35 cm. There were clear differences in tree height between the suppressed (DBH 7.4-10.3 cm), co-dominant (DBH 11.8-17.4 cm) and dominant (DBH 18.6-23.9 cm) tree classes. The resistance was tested by mass inoculating trees with a low (400 inoculations m-2, 60 cm inoculation belt) or high (400 inoculations m-2, 120 cm inoculation belt) dosage. The small, suppressed trees were more susceptible to inoculation than the co-dominant and dominant trees, based on amount of blue-stained and occluded sapwood, lesion length, and dead cambium/phloem. A threshold in tree social status or tree size might be important in the overall resistance to fungal infection.
Sammendrag
Norwegian fluid milk consumption has declined steadily over the last twenty years, despite the dairy industry spending increasing amounts of money on advertising. Using a two-stage model, we investigate whether advertising has increased the demand for milk. No effect of advertising on the demand for non-alcoholic beverages is found in the first stage. In the second stage, an almost ideal demand system including advertising expenditures on competing beverages is estimated. The effects of generic advertising within the beverage group are positive and significant for whole milk and negative and significant for lower fat milk. The own-advertising elasticity for the combined fluid milk group is 0.0008. This highly inelastic elasticity suggests that increased advertising will not be profitable for the producers. Several cross-advertising effects are statistically significant, emphasizing the usefulness of a demand system approach.
Forfattere
Birger VoldenSammendrag
Et storskalafelt hvor to ulike såmetoder for engfrø innblandet i gylle til etablert eng ble anlagt medio mai i Bodø (stripespredning på overflata, nedmylding med rulleskjær). Registreringene av spiring, vekst og utvikling i parsellene med de to såmaskinene viste at kløver i reinbestand og frøblanding spirte bedre og jevnere etter stripespredning på overflata enn ved nedmylding. Ved utgangen av august var det på deler av arealet vel 40% rødkløver i avlingen etter stripespredning. Raigraset spirte seinere og hadde moderat andel av avlingen ved andreslåtten, men viste god gjenvekst og utvikling utover høsten, slik at det kan bli bra bestand av den neste år etter begge maskiner.Prøvingene viser at det er muligheter for god etablering ved supplerende såing i bestående eng, men at tilslaget varierer mye. Det er derfor behov for å arbeide videre med å klarlegge faktorer som påvirker etableringen.
Sammendrag
Isoproturon is a herbicide which is fairly soluble in water and is considered a risk compound for leaching to surface and ground water. The fungicide metalaxyl is even more water soluble than isoproturon and can be rapidly leached from sandy soil that are low in organic matter. Transformation rates of isoproturon and metalaxyl in a silty clay loam and a sandy loam from Norway have been studied in the laboratory as well as in the field. Production of the metabolites monodesmethyl-isoproturon, didesmethyl-isoproturon and the acid-metabolite of metalaxyl were also monitored.
Sammendrag
I 1998 ble angrep av soppsjukdommen greindød (Godronia cassandrae f. sp. vaccinii) vurdert i 51 felt med hageblåbær (Vaccinium corymbosum) i Sør-Norge. Soppen angriper og dreper hovedsakelig unge, uforvedete skudd, og infeksjonen skjer oftest ved basis av skuddene. Det utvikles rødbrune, avlange flekker hvor det etter hvert dannes svarte sporehus i konsentriske ringer. Til sammen 31 sorter var med i undersøkelsen. Det var store forskjeller i mottakelighet hos de ulike sortene. "Bluetta", "Goldtraube", "Hardyblue" og "Patriot" var de mest motstandsdyktige sortene, mens "Blueray", "Jersey" og "Earliblue" var de svakeste sortene.