Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2017
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Ievina SturiteSammendrag
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Forfattere
Mette ThomsenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
This study describes the first Norwegian microbial source tracking (MST) approach for water quality control and pollution removal from catchment run-off in a nature-based treatment system (NBTS) with a constructed wetland. The applied MST tools combined microbial analyses and molecular tests to detect and define the source(s) and dominant origin(s) of faecal water contamination. Faecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and host-specific Bacteroidales 16 s rRNA gene markers have been employed. The study revealed that the newly developed contribution profiling of faecal origin derived from the Bacteroidales DNA could quantitatively distinguish between human and non-human pollution origins. Further, the outcomes of the MST test have been compared with the results of both physicochemical analyses and tests of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs). A strong positive correlation was discovered between the human marker and PPCPs. Gabapentin was the most frequently detected compound and it showed the uppermost positive correlation with the human marker. The study demonstrated that the NBTS performs satisfactorily with the removal of E. coli but not PPCPs. Interestingly, the presence of PPCPs in the water samples was not correlated with high concentrations of E. coli. Neither has the latter an apparent correlation with the human marker.
Forfattere
Gordon J. McDougall J. William Allwood Gema Pereira-Caro Emma M. Brown Susan Verrall Derek Stewart Cheryl Latimer Geoff McMullan Roger Lawther Gloria O'Connor Ian Rowland Alan Crozier Chris I. R. GillSammendrag
Scope: Ileostomy studies provide a unique insight into digestion of food, allowing identifica- tion of physiologically relevant dietary phytochemicals and their metabolites important to gut health. We previously reported the consistent increase of components in ileal fluids of ileosto- mates after consumption of raspberries with use of nontargeted LC–MS n techniques and data deconvolution software highlighting two major unknown components (m/z 355 and 679). Methods and results: In-depth LC–MS n analyses suggested that the ileal m/z 355 components were p-coumaroyl glucarates. These compounds have not been identified previously and were confirmed in raspberry extracts after partial purification. The major ileal component with m/z 679 was a glycoside with an aglycone of m/z 517 and was present as two peaks in extracts of whole puree, unseeded puree, and isolated seeds. These components were purified using Sephadex LH20 and C18 SPE units and identified as major, novel raspberry triterpenoid glycosides. This triterpenoid-enriched fraction (100 nM) protected against H 2 O 2 -induced DNA damage in both colon cancer and normal cell lines and altered expression of cytoprotective genes. Conclusion: The presence of these novel raspberry triterpenoid components in ileal fluids indi- cates that they would be colon-available in vivo, so confirmation of their anticancer bioactivities is of key physiological relevance.
Sammendrag
The PETRO MAKS project "Formation and behaviour of thin oil films and evaluation of response methods including HSE", in the following short "Thin oil films" has the objective to achieve new knowledge more efficient and safe oil spill response operations for releases of condensates and light crude oils that may lead to thin oil films on the sea surface. Main objectives are: 1. lncreased understanding of the formation and behaviour of thin oil films . 2. Assessment of the potential human exposure to volatile compounds 3. Refined processes in oil trajectory models in order to give more reliable predictions of the life time and behaviour of thin oil films and to assess the efficacy of response options. This report addresses objective 3. and summarizes the results of three pre-studies on important processes for modelling of (thin) surface oil. We discuss model improvements and conclude with a proposal for concrete changes in the OSCAR model to better address behaviour and lifetime of thin films in the model.
Forfattere
Ingunn M. VågenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Evita Straumite Ruta Galoburda Lolita Tomsone Zanda Kruma Ilze Gramatiņa Arta Kronberga Ievina SturiteSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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