Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Forfattere
Mette Thomsen Eldrid Lein Molteberg Anne-Berit Wold Belachew Asalf Tadesse Pia Heltoft Thomsen Arne HermansenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Kristian Fjørtoft John Morken Jon Fredrik Hanssen Tormod BriseidSammendrag
This study investigated the effect of five different pre-treatment methods (ammonia (NH3), caustic soda (NaOH), dry milling, hot water and steam explosion) for straw for biogas production. The methods were selected based on their suitability for implementation in farm-scale biogas plants. The pre-treatment methods were applied to four different types of straw. Batch anaerobic digestion tests were carried out in bottles at mesophilic temperature (37 ± 1 °C). The straw was analysed for lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. The results showed large variations in methane production following the different pre-treatment methods. There were also large variations between the pre-treatment methods in their effect on the different types of straw. Pre-treatment with NaOH on barley straw was particularly effective. The results also showed that the shorter the retention time in the reactor, the more important the choice of pre-treatment method. Different pre-treatment methods were found to be optimal, to some extent, for different retention times.
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Despite sophisticated mathematical models, the theory of microevolution is mostly treated as a qualitative rather than a quantitative tool. Numerical measures of selection, constraints, and evolutionary potential are often too loosely connected to theory to provide operational predictions of the response to selection. In this paper, we study the ability of a set of operational measures of evolvability and constraint to predict short‐term selection responses generated by individual‐based simulations. We focus on the effects of selective constraints under which the response in one trait is impeded by stabilizing selection on other traits. The conditional evolvability is a measure of evolutionary potential explicitly developed for this situation. We show that the conditional evolvability successfully predicts rates of evolution in an equilibrium situation, and further that these equilibria are reached with characteristic times that are inversely proportional to the fitness load generated by the constraining characters. Overall, we find that evolvabilities and conditional evolvabilities bracket responses to selection, and that they together can be used to quantify evolutionary potential on time scales where the G‐matrix remains relatively constant.
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