Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
Hvordan tilpasser trærne seg til klimaendringer? Hva gjør de for å forsvare seg mot sopp- og insektangrep? Hvilken vei vandret grana inn i Norge etter siste istid? Hvordan påviser vi nye sykdommer på trær, eller begynnende råte i trebygninger? Og hvordan kan granas verste fi ende hjelpe oss med å lage framtidens biodrivstoff? Dette er noen av spørsmålene Skog og landskaps forskere stiller seg. I mange tilfeller er moderne bioteknologi en del av løsningen. På Skog og landskap bruker vi ulike bioteknologiske metoder for å løse forskningsoppgaver innen blant annet skoghelse, treteknologi, genetikk og økologi. Denne brosjyren forteller deg mer om våre forskningsaktiviteter knyttet til bioteknologi. Ordet bioteknologi blir ofte brukt synonymt med molekylærbiologi, genteknologi og molekylærgenetikk, og er en integrert del av moderne biologisk forskning. Dyr, planter, sopp eller mikroorganismer som bakterier og virus, eller DNAet (arvestoffet) fra disse, brukes til å produsere nye produkter. Ølbrygging er et tidlig eksempel på bioteknologi, og stiklingsformering av trær og andre nytteplanter er en eldgammel form for kloning. Brosjyre fra Skog og landskap, 3/2010.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Christian Linder Janet Allen Catherine Baroffio Agata Broniarek-Niemiec Victorio Brookes Jerry Cross Cathy Eckert Rudolf Faby Bruno Gobin Alberto Grassi Adrian Harris Barbara Labanowska Emilie Lascaux Carlo Malavolta Vincent Michel Slobodan Milenkovic Thilda Nilsson Paivi Parikka Klaus Paaske Jean-Jacques Pommier Daniel Prodorutti Lene Sigsgaard Arne Stensvand Christer Torneus Nina Trandem Tuomo Tuovinen Gabor VetekSammendrag
The usage of plant protection products and biocontrol agents in soft fruit production has always been an important subject for the IOBC/WPRS Working Group "Integrated Protection of Fruit Crops" Study Group "Soft Fruits". The usage of pesticides and biological control methods varies considerably between countries and it is very difficult to get a good overview on the range of products that are applied or in development in soft fruits. In order to share and facilitate the flow of information, the Study Group "Soft Fruit" initiated a survey on the availability and usage of active ingredients and biocontrol agents in the different European countries in 2007. First, the most important pests and diseases in strawberry and raspberry production were identified. Then members of the different countries listed available products on the domestic market and indicated their usage in the field. So far 15 countries have contributed to the survey. The received data are accessible on the website http://www.any3.ch/IOBC/Softpest/index.html
Sammendrag
The leaf blotch disease complex (LBD) frequently reduces yield of wheat in Norway. In visual assessments field symptoms can be difficult to attribute definitively to specific causal agents, and may be caused by any or all of the following three pathogens: Stagonospora nodorum (teleomorph: Phaeosphaeria nodorum) causing Stagonospora nodorum or glume blotch (SNB), Septoria tritici (teleomorph: Mycosphaerella graminicola) causing Septoria tritici or speckled leaf blotch (STB), and Drechslera tritici-repentis (teleomorph: Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) causing tan spot (DTR). There is no broad resistance to all three pathogens in commercially relevant wheat varieties. We analyzed 9 years of historical data on severity of LBD in the field and 36 years of historical data on post-harvest SNB infection of wheat kernels. Overall, correlation between leaf severity and seed severity over years was low (r=0.5). However, during the last 4 years correlations between SNB seed infection and severity of LBD increased (r=0.825). LBD severity varied signficantly with geographic location and increased exponentially on the last 3 leaves betweeen BBCH stage 70 and the last assessment at BBCH stage 89. An improved understanding of environmental and host developmental factors as they affect each member fo the LBD complex in the field will be essential to screening for quantitative and durable resistance to LBD.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
In Norway, organic apple growers only have sulphur available as a fungicide. When organically grown apples are stored, growers must thus rely entirely on alternative means to reduce the amount of storage decay. It is known that harvest time and calcium content may affect fruit rots in apple. The effect of harvest time on storage decay was assessed during three years. After storage there was a clear increase in fruit decay from the earliest to the latest picking times, both recorded as total decay and for the important storage diseases bitter rot (caused by Colletotrichum acutatum) and lenticell rot (caused by either Phlyctaena vagabunda or Cryptosporiopsis curvispora). In mean of three years apples of cv. Aroma harvested 2 or 1 week prior to normal harvest time, at normal harvest or 1 or 2 weeks afterwards and stored for three months in a ventilated cold store, had 6, 14, 35, 33, and 35% bitter rot, respectively. Similar numbers for lenticell rot (in mean of two years) were 6, 10, 11, 16 and 24%, respectively. Applications of calcium at different times prior to harvest reduced the amount of storage decay in some trials, but not consistently.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Colletotrichum acutatum causes bitter rot (often named anthracnose) in cherry and apple. It is the most important fruit decay in sour cherry in Norway and may give severe losses also in sweet cherry and apple. We have found the fungus in all fruit and berry crops grown commercially in the country and on many ornamentals and a few weeds. Single spore isolates frequently developed the ascigerous stage of the fungus (Glomerella acutata) in culture, but it was not detected on apple or cherry plant material. If still attached to the tree, fruits and fruit stalks of sour cherry infected the previous year produced conidial inoculum throughout the entire following season. Also newly infected sour cherry flowers produced conidial inoculum until harvest. Up to 80% of the fruit spurs on sweet cherry had buds infected with C. acutatum in spring. Apple buds also contained the fungus, but to a much lower extent. More than 90% of the sweet cherry leaves could be infected with C. acutatum around harvest in heavily infected orchards. Symptoms on leaves never appeared in the orchards. We also found such asymptomatic leaf infections in apples. Most of the inoculum seemed to be present on the fruit trees themselves. However, initial inoculum in newly established, disease free plantings may be introduced from older fruit trees, ornamentals and weeds in or in close vicinity to the orchards.
Sammendrag
Denne artikkelen skildrar resultat frå sprøyteforsøk mot lagerrote i eple med fokus på bitterrote. Førebyggjande sprøyting med Delan (aktivt stoff: ditianon) virka godt mot bitterrote.
Sammendrag
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