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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2007

Sammendrag

We present results from early tests and field trials of offspring from two Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seed orchards containing clones that have been transferred from high altitudes to sea level and from northern to southern latitudes. Seedlings from seeds produced in the low-altitude seed orchard developed frost hardiness later at the end of the growth season, flushed later in field trials, and grew taller than seedlings from seeds produced in natural stands. They had the lowest mortality rate and the lowest frequency of injuries in the field trials. Similar results were observed in seedlings from seeds produced in the southern seed orchard. We found no adverse effects of the changed growth rhythm. Seedlings from two seed crops in the southern orchard, produced in years with a warm and a cold summer, had different annual growth rhythms. The results are explained mainly by the effects of the climatic conditions during the reproductive phase. Seed crops from different years in the same seed orchard may produce seedlings that perform as if they were from different provenances. It is argued that the effects of the climatic conditions during seed production must contribute to the variation among provenances of Norway spruce.

Sammendrag

Genetic- and environmental variation and correlation patterns were characterized for modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and related wood traits: latewood proportion, wood density, spiral grain, microfibril angle and lignin content in five full-sib families of Norway spruce.The families were evaluated on the basis of clearwood specimens from the juvenile -mature wood transition zone of 93 sampled trees at age 30 year from seed. Family-means varied significantly (p 0.05) for all wood traits studied except lignin content. MOE varied between 7.9-14.1 GPa among trees and 9.4-11.0 GPa among families. MOR varied between 47-87 MPa among trees and 61-71 MPa among families.Families remained significantly different in an analysis of specific MOE (MOE/density) and MOR (MOR/density). Hence, solely relying on wood density as a wood quality trait in tree breeding would not fully yield the potential genetic gain for MOE and MOR. Correlations between wood structural traits and specific MOE and MOR are presented and discussed.

Til dokument

Sammendrag

We studied first winter frost-heaving damage to one-year-old Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings planted in gaps made by group fellings (large circular gaps, ca. 500 m(2)) and single-tree selection cuttings (small irregularly shaped gaps, ca. 175 m 2), as well as in uncut forest. One-month-old seedlings were planted on manually exposed LF, Ae, and B horizons that emulated various intensities and depths of scarification. The three experimental sites were located in multistoried Pinus sylvestris L. or P. abies forests on sandy loam or silt loam in southeastern Norway. Altogether, 5% of seedlings sustained frost heaving damage on the LF horizon, compared with 20% on the Ae horizon and 45% on the B horizon. On average, 31% of the seedlings in large gaps incurred frost-heaving damage compared with 20% in small gaps and 19% in uncut forest. Exposed roots and poorly anchored or uplifted seedlings were recurring classes of damage, especially on the B horizon and in large gaps. The above- versus below-ground biomass ratio of seedlings was higher on the B than on the Ae horizon in uncut forest and large gaps, inferring broken roots. Therefore, to reduce the risk of frost-heaving damage, shallow soil preparation and smaller gap sizes should be used.

Sammendrag

På vegetasjonstypen blåbærskog vil spireforholdene ofte være ugunstige på grunn av et relativt kraftig råhumuslag. I dette forsøket inntraff et svært godt frøår for gran året etter hogsten, men på tross av dette er foryngelsen ved siste revisjon fremdeles utilfredsstillende når det ikke ble markberedt. Andelen sirkelflater uten granforyngelse var svært høy både på kontrollruta og på bledningsrutene med svak og middels uttak. Tilslaget av naturforyngelse på rutene med høyt hogstuttak og småflatehogst var noe bedre, med henholdsvis 43 og 33 % nullruter. Det er likevel klart at markberedning har vært en forutsetning for å oppnå en tilfredsstillende gjenvekst også her.

Sammendrag

Med bakgrunn i et ønske om å redusere foryngelseskostnadene og et varslet forbud mot bruk av kjemiske preparater mot snutebiller, har det blitt gjennomført mye forskning i Sverige på alternative metoder for å kunne lykkes med planting av gran (Nordlander et al. 2006). Miniplanter (Lindström et al. 2004) har i denne sammenheng blitt fremholdt som et interessant alternativ. Slike planter dyrkes frem fra frø til levering i løpet av 8-10 uker, når de er blitt noen få centimeter høye. Den korte produksjonstiden gir lavere produksjonskostnad per plante og økt fleksibilitet ved at planteproduksjonen lettere kan tilpasses etterspørselen. Utprøving av plantetypen under ulike skogforhold er imidlertid nødvendig før den eventuelt tas i praktisk bruk. Hvordan plantene greier seg mot snutebiller og konkurranse fra vegetasjonen på hogstflater, og mot oppfrost når det markberedes, er sentrale spørsmål som må avklares.