Publikasjoner
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2003
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Summary (English) Pharmaceuticals such as ibuprofen, carbamacepin and naproxen and the endocrine disrupters bisphenol A and nonylphenol are found in leachates from Norwegian municipal landfills. Ibuprofen and the musk compounds tonalid and galaxolide were found in all samples, but the concentration in the old, inactive part of the landfill was particularly high. The endocrine distruptors bisphenol A and nonylphenol were also detected in all samples, and the concentrations in two water samples taken downstream the landfill, were in the same range as found in the old part. The PAHs found in the leachates were methyl substituted naphtahalen, biphenyl, acenapthylene, acenapthene, fluorene and phenanthrene. All samples were filtrated (< 0,5 ?m) before analysis. Filtrates from two wells were analyzed to measure transportable organic pollutants. Most of the PAH compounds were detected both in filtrate of water sample from the new, active part of the landfill and filtrate of influent water to the treatment plant which is located 200 m downstream the landfill. This was also the case for the polycyclic musk compounds and bisphenol A. Nonylphenol was detected only in the filtrate from samples in the new landfill.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Jannes StolteSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Leszek Pływaczyk Wojciech Łyczko Andrzej Duber Julian Paluch Adam Paruch Krzysztof PulikowskiSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Anne Kjersti Bakken Ragnar Eltun Trond Haraldsen Tor Arvid Breland Trygve S. Aamlid Tore SveistrupSammendrag
The three organic cropping systems Landvik (in Grimstad), Voll (at Ås) and Kvithamar (in Stjørdal) were established in 1993 on previously conventionally farmed soils of marine origin. The six-year crop rotation at Landvik was designed for an organic stockless farm producing cash crops. These crops were fertilized with composted organic household waste from the nearby community (maximum 100 kg N ha-1) and composted waste from the system itself. The rotation at Voll was designed for an arable farm withbeef production from suckling cows (0.9 animal units ha-1), and the rotation at Kvithamar was designed for a dairy cattle farm (1.0 animal unit ha-1). During the first six years of organic farming, the soil reserves of K were slightly depleted. The nutrient balance was –250 kg K ha-1 at Voll and –420 kg K ha-1 at Landvik, and the content of easily soluble K in the plough layer decreased at these sites. At Kvithamar, however, where the K balance for six years was –380 kg ha-1, no changes in soil content of K were recorded. For P, the six-year balance was positive at Landvik, where altogether 120 kg P ha-1 was supplied from composted household waste. The P balance was negative (-40 kg ha-1) at Voll and Kvithamar, and at Voll the content of easily soluble P in the plough layer was lower in 1999 than in 1993. In the study period, the yields were variable both within and between the systems. We have not identified any trends or variations in yields that might have been directly caused by changesin soil nutrient status or other soil quality components. At Voll and Kvithamar, however, the number of earthworm and the soil macroporosity increased from 1993 to 1999, with a concurrent slight increase in the yields of leys (Voll) and grain crops and swedes (Kvithamar). In the system at Landvik the yields of potatos and carrots were higher the first two than the last four years. At this site the soil structure was good, and the porosity and earthworm activity high, during the whole study period.