Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2012
Forfattere
Oddmund Kleven Björn M. Hallström Frank Hailer Axel Janke Snorre Hagen Alexander Kopatz Hans Geir EikenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Camilla Tobiassen Henrik Brøseth Beate Banken Bakke Siv Aarnes Snorre Hagen Hans Geir EikenSammendrag
I 2011 ble det for tredje år på rad gjennomført en landsdekkende prøveinnsamling for brunbjørn i det nasjonale overvåkingsprogrammet for rovvilt. Denne rapporten omhandler DNA-analysen av 1208 prøver (877 ekskrementprøver, 316 hårprøver og 15 vevsprøver) fra brunbjørn (Ursus arctos) innsamla i Norge i 2011. DNA-profiler ble bestemt ved analyse av 8 ulike STR (short tandem repeats)-markører og en kjønnsmarkør. Alle positive prøver ble sammenlignet med Bioforsk Svanhovd sin genetiske database med individer fra perioden 2005 til 2010. Av de 1208 prøvene var 757 (63 %) prøver positive for brunbjørn, noe som utgjør en nedgang i andelen positive prøver i forhold til 2010 (68 %). Det ble totalt identifisert 151 individer av brunbjørn (51 hunnbjørn og 100 hannbjørn), der 111 (74 %) individer var tidligere påvist med DNA-prøve i Norge. Det påviste antallet bjørn (151) var altså lavere enn i 2010 (166), men kjønnsfordelingen (34 % hunnbjørn) var omtrent den samme (32 %). Det ble som tidligere påvist flest bjørn i fylkene Finnmark, Nord-Trøndelag, Troms og Hedmark. I Troms ble det samlet inn færre prøver enn tidligere, og dette kan forklare hvorfor antallet bjørn i dette fylket ble tilnærmet halvert i forhold til 2010. Det var en høy andel gjenfunn av individer fra tidligere år i de ulike fylkene (> 63 %), med unntak av Sør-Trøndelag der det var relativt få gjenfunn. Basert på antall hunnbjørn (n=51) påvist med DNA, ble antall ynglinger i Norge i 2011 estimert til 5,9. Tilleggsanalyser viste at mitokondrie-DNA fra andre arter kunne påvises i omtrent halvparten av de negative ekskrementprøvene. Dette tyder på det i 2011 også har blitt samlet inn prøver fra andre arter enn bjørn eller at det i noen tilfeller der ekskrementene inneholder kjøtt/bein viser resultatet at andre arter (elg) har vært føde for bjørn.
Sammendrag
Sewage sludge application on soils represents an important potential source of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to terrestrial ecosystems, and it is thus important to understand the fate of Ag NPs once in contact with soil components. Our aim was to compare the behavior of three different forms of silver, namely silver nitrate, citrate stabilized Ag NPs (5 nm) and uncoated Ag NPs (19 nm), in two soils with contrasting organic matter content, and to follow changes in binding strength over time. Soil samples were spiked with silver and left to age for 2 h, 2 days, 5 weeks or 10 weeks before they were submitted to sequential extraction. The ionic silver solution and the two Ag NP types were radiolabeled so that silver could be quantified by gamma spectrometry by measuring the 110mAg tracer in the different sequential extraction fractions. Different patterns of partitioning of silver were observed for the three forms of silver. All types of silver were more mobile in the mineral soil than in the soil rich in organic matter, although the fractionation patterns were very different for the three silver forms in both cases. Over 20% of citrate stabilized Ag NPs was extractible with water in both soils the first two days after spiking (compared to 1–3% for AgNO3 and uncoated Ag NPs), but the fraction decreased to trace levels thereafter. Regarding the 19 nm uncoated Ag NPs, 80% was not extractible at all, but contrary to AgNO3 and citrate stabilized Ag NPs, the bioaccessible fraction increased over time, and by day 70 was between 8 and 9 times greater than that seen in the other two treatments. This new and unexpected finding demonstrates that some Ag NPs can act as a continuous source of bioaccessible Ag, while AgNO3 is rapidly immobilized in soil.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Claire Coutris Knut-Erik Tollefsen Mussie Woldehawariat John W Einset Erik J. Joner Deborah Helen Oughton Steven BrooksSammendrag
Norway has the world’s largest facility for testing and improving CO2 capture. The aim of carbon capture technology is to minimize greenhouse gas emissions through a reaction between amines and effluents from gas power plants. During the overall process of CO2 capture, amines and their transformation products might escape to the environment through emissions, leakage, and as solid waste. The two main groups of transformation products with the most potential to cause environmental harm have been identified as nitrosamines and nitramines, both of which are considered to be carcinogenic. Recent theoretical modelling as well as laboratory experiments have found nitramine compounds, 2-nitroaminoethanol (CAS: 74386-82-6) and dimethylnitramine (CAS: 4164-28-7) to be present. However, despite the likelihood of these compounds increasing in the environment, no environmental toxicity data for these compounds currently exist. The aim of this project was to provide an environmental risk assessment for the selected nitramine compounds taking into account the key trophic groups within freshwater, marine and terrestrial environments. The toxicity assessment was made using a suite of standardised bioassays for the measure of acute and chronic toxicity. In the soil environment, the most potent compound was 2-nitroaminoethanol, which impaired the reproduction of earthworms and the seedling emergence of sunflower and ryegrass. The opposite was found in the aquatic environment, with freshwater and marine species consistently more affected by dimethylnitramine. All the tested freshwater species were more sensitive to nitramines than marine species. The selected amines were not acutely toxic to aquatic and soil species, with EC50 in the mg/L range. Both nitramines increased the nitrogen and carbon transformation activity of soil microorganisms.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Claire Coutris Mussie Woldehawariat Erik J. Joner John W Einset Deborah Helen Oughton Knut-Erik TollefsenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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