Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Eirik Gottschalk BalloSammendrag
One of the key challenges we face today is the changing climate and its environmental impacts, affecting all life on Earth. Examining historical human responses to climate crises provides insights into resilience and adaptability. Robust data is essential for studying past climate and environmental changes effectively. European climate records covering the past 2000 years reveal a prolonged cooling period, known as the Dark Ages Cooling Period (c. 300–800 CE), punctuated by a pronounced cooling in the mid-6th century. Studies show that these cold intervals are more complex and regionally varied than previously believed. In the 6th century in Norway, archaeological evidence points to crop failures, famine, farm abandonment and changes in social organization in some regions, while others experienced minimal impact during these cold periods. However, southeastern Norway lacks detailed high-resolution paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstructions, limiting our ability to fully understand these events. This thesis aims to enhance understanding of climate, environmental, and societal dynamics in southeastern Norway over the past 2000 years, focusing on the Dark Ages Cold Period (c. 300–800 CE), through sediment analysis from Lake Sagtjernet and Lake Ljøgottjern in southeastern Norway. We introduce a μCT scan method for varve counting for Lake Sagtjernet, establishing the first varve chronology from a Norwegian lake, covering c. 4023 years. This chronology enables the first paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstruction from Norwegian varved lake sediments. This reconstruction reveals 2000 years of temperature variability, highlighting a major cooling event—the largest in 2000 years—that aligns with the 6th century cooling event. However, sparse settlements in the first millennium complicate climate impact interpretation at Lake Sagtjernet, while the last millennium shows increased human activities during both warm and cold periods. Reconstructed temperatures between 200 and 1300 CE from Lake Ljøgottjern indicate a notably colder period from 300 to 800 CE, compared to the periods before (200–300 CE) and after (800–1300 CE), identified as the Dark Ages Cold Period. Temperature fluctuations within this cold period significantly influenced agricultural strategies at the more populated Lake Ljøgottjern. Warmer intervals favoring crop cultivation and colder intervals prompting a shift towards livestock farming, illustrating the impact of climatic conditions on societal development.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne Friederike BorchertSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Karin Juul Hesselsøe Anne Friederike Borchert Trond Olav Pettersen Kristoffer Herland Hellton Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
Abstract Ice encasement (IE) is one of the big challenges in winter stress management on golf course putting greens in Northern Scandinavia. The turfgrass is damaged due to lack of oxygen (hypoxia or anoxia) and accumulation of toxic by‐products of anaerobic respiration. Breeding IE‐tolerant turfgrass species and varieties is the best defense against these challenges. A method to simulate ice encasement was tested to screen selected varieties of winter‐hardy bentgrass species and red fescue subspecies. Note that 32 varieties were chosen from the SCANGREEN trial seeded at NIBIO Landvik, Norway, in 2019. Samples were taken in December 2020, 2021, and 2022, vacuum sealed in plastic, and stored in darkness at 0.5°C for up to 77 days to test them for their tolerance to simulated ice encasement (SIE). Samples were incubated at different intervals; plants were potted, and tiller survival was tested after 4 weeks of regrowth. Lethal duration of ice encasement (LD 50 ) that is, the number of days under anoxia that kills 50% of the plant population for each species and variety was calculated. The results showed that the ranking of cool season turfgrass species for tolerance to SIE was velvet bentgrass > Chewings fescue > slender creeping red fescue = colonial bentgrass > creeping bentgrass. This ranking does not fully reflect the ranking found in field tests where velvet bentgrass was superior together with creeping bentgrass. SIE caused a more rapid development of anoxia than IE in the field, and we hypothesize that creeping bentgrass is less tolerant to these conditions compared to the other species tested. To make the SIE method more representative for IE in field, it should be further adapted with incubation at lower temperatures, and with acclimation conditions to be standardized prior to sampling. Within species, the best tolerance to IE was found in velvet bentgrass Nordlys, creeping bentgrass Penncross, Chewings fescue Lykke, and slender creeping red fescue Cezanne.
Sammendrag
Abstract The primary benefits of turfgrass sod include rapid greenery and soil coverage, but its production causes concerns about soil losses at production sites. Soil adheres to the grass root system during harvesting and is removed from the sod farm, which in the long run might lead to soil degradation on the sod farm. In this study, we investigated sod thickness and the removal of organic and mineral matter when harvesting 24 fields representing 12 Norwegian sod farms in 2022 and 2023. On each field, 10 sod strips were randomly chosen, and five sod plugs were collected from each strip. Sod thickness was measured using a sliding gauge. Sod mineral matter (SMM: soil and thatch mineral matter) and sod organic matter (SOM: soil and thatch organic matter) contents were quantified by loss on ignition at 550°C. Management and field properties were also documented. Results showed an average amount of mineral matter in the sod strips of 36 Mg ha −1 for all fields but with significant variation among fields ( p < 0.001). The average SOM content was 10 Mg ha −1 . Mean sod thickness was 15.4 mm and had a strong correlation with SOM ( r = 0.8) but only a moderate correlation with SMM ( r = 0.6). Soil water content and surface hardness at harvest affected sod thickness and SMM only slightly. Sod harvesters with twin heads harvested significantly thicker sod strips and removed more mineral matter than harvesters with single cutting heads. Soil texture did not have a significant impact on sod thickness or mineral matter removal.
Forfattere
Aasim M. Ali Are Sæle Bruvold Astrid Solvåg Nesse Charlotte L. Nakken Roland Peter Kallenborn Monica Sanden Christopher P. Higgins Stig ValdersnesSammendrag
To achieve a circular bioeconomy, nutrients within residues such as food waste (FW) and sewage sludge (SS) must be recycled to e.g., food production. However, these biowastes often contain numerous contaminants which are recycled alongside the nutrients. Identifying these contaminants is crucial to prevent potential harmful effects when residues from circular processes, including biogas digestates, are utilized as fertilizers or soil amendments in agriculture. In this study, suspect and nontarget screening was used to comprehensively assess contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and their transformation products (TPs) in biogas digestates derived from FW and SS. A total of 133 CECs and five TPs were tentatively identified, including 61 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), eight pesticides, and 64 industrial chemicals, with 44 of these CECs confirmed using analytical standards. Concentrations ranged from low μg kg−1 dry matter (DM) to several hundred mg kg−1 DM. SS based digestates were found to be more heavily contaminated with industrial chemicals and PPCPs, while FW based digestates contained higher levels of pesticides. These findings highlight the importance of stringent contaminant surveillance to ensure the safe agricultural application of biogas digestates and to mitigate potential risks associated with the recycling of organic residues.
Forfattere
Katherine Mary Dunlop André Frainer Karl Øystein Gjelland Bror Mathias Bonde Antii Eloranta Rune Muladal Jenny Lovisa Alexandra Jensen Hallvard JensenSammendrag
Get ready for the 2025 pink salmon run when locals and fishing associations will trap as many pink salmon as possible before they enter northern Norway’s rivers! The media will be out in force too, describing how pink salmon threaten northern coastal ecosystems. But how much do we really know?
Forfattere
Robert BarneveldSammendrag
Introduction abou the terrain, possibilities for water retention and land use in the catchment area. Presentation about modelling in general, the used hydrological model and its results according to four scenarios.
Foredrag – Soil erosion risk modeling: experiences from Norway's erosion risk map
Robert Barneveld
Forfattere
Robert BarneveldSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Robert BarneveldSammendrag
Peat soils have been the subject of human interest for many centuries. Extraction of turf for fuel and drainage for cultivation are centuries old economic activities that have altered the environment of peat-rich landscapes. In Norway, the drainage of peat soils is mainly associated with cultivation and with attempts to facilitate wood production. The purpose of drainage is lowering the water table and thus creating favourable conditions for root development and trafficability. The shift from anaerobic to aerobic conditions causes organic material to decompose; a process that produces CO2. This process can be stopped only by restoring the water table to its original level. Peat restauration is commonly carried out by blocking or filling the open drainage ditches. The effect of restauration on the hydrology of the individual peat bog and the associated landscape is not well understood. It is the domain of contrast: hydrological connectivity is reduced, but the available pore space (for infiltration) is also reduced. The question of how peat restoration affects landscapes' ability to retain overland flow and prevent flooding downstream has yet to explored fully. Since empirical data are hard to come by, process simulation is one of the few viable options for the evaluation of peat restauration. A raster-based rainfall-runoff model is presented that approaches soil water content dynamically but not fully process-explicit. Typical raster cell dimensions are 10m, allowing for daily timesteps and basins of several hundreds of square kilometres. In the runoff phase, water is distributed instantaneously and routed through the landscape from source to river. Processes that were deemed crucial for process representativeness were included by means of simple approximations. These include snow accumulation and melt, groundwater contribution to base flow, tile drainage and lake water levels. Due to the simple, mass balance driven, groundwater level simulations of the model, the effect of restauration on runoff generation and transmissivity can be approximated. Its spatial explicitness allows for the parameterisation of individual peat restoration projects, and for the assessment of their effects at the local and catchment scales. At present, no measurements are available that can confirm or reject all of the model's results. But due to its modular structure, the model's ability to mimic moments in the hydrological cycle can be tested and improved with measurements of a variety of parameters. Due to its spatially explicit nature, the effects of peat restauration of individual bogs or broader strategies can be explored. Not only does the model provide hydrographs at points of interest, it also shows how groundwater levels changes after restauration and how peat bogs affect the wetness of neighbouring areas. The readily available geospatial data in Norway (soil, land use, terrain, etc.) in combination with the computing power of an off-the-shelf laptop computer allow for a process-based approach to landscape scale process simulation.