Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Forfattere
Johannes Deelstra Sekhar Udaya Nagothu Krishna R. Kakumanu Yella R. Kaluvai Surresh R. KallamSammendrag
Saving water in irrigated agriculture is a high priority in areas with scarce water resources and impacted by climate change. This paper presents results of measurements on water Productivity (WP) under alternative rice growing practices such as alternating wetting and drying,direct seeded rice, modified systems of rice intensification and conventional paddy rice (NI)in two selected districts (Guntur in Andhra Pradesh and Nalgonda in Telangana, India). Under alternative practices, the yields varied from 5.72 to 6.11 t/ha compared with 4.71 t/ha under paddy rice. The average water application varied from 991 to 1494 mm under alternative practices while average application in conventional paddy rice was 2242 mm. Higher yield and lower water application led to an increase in WP varying from 0.45 to 0.59 kg/m3 under alternative practices compared with 0.22 kg/m3 under conventional paddy rice. The measurements showed that less water can be used to produce more crop under alternative rice growing practices. The results are important for water-scarce areas, providing useful information to policy makers, farmers, agricultural departments and water management boards in devising future climate-smart adaptation and mitigation strategies.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
I denne rapporten er det fremstilt resultater fra beregninger av erosjon og fosforavrenning fra jordbruksarealer i nedbørfeltet til Rakkestadelva. I tillegg er det laget et kart som kan brukes som utgangspunkt for å vurdere risiko for fure-erosjon. Enkle, empiriske modeller er brukt for å framskaffe estimater for tilførsler under dagens drift (2016) og for ulike scenarier. Slike resultater er forbundet med en rekke usikkerheter, og det anbefales at man fokuserer på relative forskjeller mellom områder og ulike driftsformer, heller enn på absolutte nivåer for jord- og fosfortap. ...
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Dyrket mark i Mørdrefeltet er dominert av korn. I gjennomsnitt ble det gjødslet med 1,9 kg P/daa og 13,1 kg N/daa. I 2016/2017 var årsnedbøren (478 mm) lavere enn gjennomsnittlig årsnedbør i overvåkningsperioden (732 mm). Middelkonsentrasjonen av partikler i vannprøvene (334 mg SS/L) var lavere enn middelet for tidligere år (416 mg/L), mens middel-konsentrasjonen av totalfosfor (915 μg TP/L) var betydelig over middelet (618 μg TP/L) og på samme nivå som de foregående årene. Fosfortapet lå på 195 g/daa jordbruksareal, som er betydelig under det gjennomsnittlige fosfortapet for feltet (331 g/daa).
Forfattere
Roland Bol Gerard Gruau Per-Erik Mellander Rémi Dupas Marianne Bechmann Eva Skarbøvik Magdalena Bieroza Faruk Djodjic Miriam Glendell Philip Jordan Bas van der Grift Michael Rode Erik Smolders Mieke Verbeeck Sen Gu Erwin Klumpp Ina Pohle Maelle Fresne Chantal Gascuel-OdouxSammendrag
In this paper, we outline several recent insights for the priorities and challenges for future research for reducing phosphorus (P) based water eutrophication in the agricultural landscapes of Northwest Europe.We highlight that new research efforts best be focused on headwater catchments as they are a key influence on the initial chemistry of the larger river catchments, and here many management interventions are most effectively made. We emphasize the lack of understanding on how climate change will impact on P losses from agricultural landscapes. Particularly, the capability to disentangle current and future trends in P fluxes, due to climate change itself, from climate driven changes in agricultural management practices and P inputs. Knowing that, future climatic change trajectories for Western Europe will accelerate the release of the most bioavailable soil P. We stress the ambiguities created by the large varieties of sources and storage/transfer processes involved in P emissions in landscapes and the need to develop specific data treatment methods or tracers able to circumvent them, thereby helping catchment managers to identify the ultimate P sources that most contribute to diffuse P emissions. We point out that soil and aqueous P exist not only in various chemical forms, but also in range of less considered physical forms e.g., dissolved, nanoparticulate, colloidal and other particulates, all affected differently by climate as well as other environmental factors, and require bespoke mitigation measures. We support increased high resolution monitoring of headwater catchments, to not only help verify the effectiveness of catchments mitigation strategies, but also add data to further develop new water quality models (e.g., those include Fe-P interactions) which can deal with climate and land use change effects within an uncertainty framework. We finally conclude that there is a crucial need for more integrative research efforts to deal with our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms and processes associated with the identification of critical source areas, P mobilization, delivery and biogeochemical processing, as otherwise even highintensity and high-resolution research efforts will only reveal an incomplete picture of the full global impact of the terrestrial derived P on downstream aquatic and marine ecosystems.
Sammendrag
2008 ble det med tilskudd fra Landbruks- og matdepartementet (LMD) satt i gang et tiltaksprosjekt for å forbedre vannkvaliteten i vestre Vansjø. Det var fokus på å redusere fosfortilførselene og det ble gitt tilskudd til tiltakspakker som omfattet redusert fosforgjødsling, overvintring i stubb, grasdekte buffersoner og fangdammer. Tiltaksprosjektet fikk finansiering i perioden 2008-2010 fra LMD og ble videreført med andre økonomiske tilskudd i en perioden etter det. Fra og med 2013 ble forskriftskravet om at minimum 60 % av kornarealet på hvert bruk skulle overvintre i stubb fjernet, og det ble ikke lengre gitt tilskudd til redusert jordarbeiding for arealer i erosjonsklasse 1........
Sammendrag
Rapporten gir resultater fra overvåking av innsjøer, elver og bekker i Vannområde Morsa i perioden 1. november 2016 – 31. oktober 2017. Resultatene inkluderer oversikter over konsentrasjoner av næringsstoffer og suspendert sediment i alle stasjoner, samt tarmbakterier i elver og bekker, og klorofyll og algetellinger i innsjøer. Et faktaark som er satt inn bakerst i rapporten oppsummerer resultatene (Vedlegg 7).
Forfattere
Mihaela-Olivia Dobrica Catalin Lazar Lisa Paruch Andre van Eerde Jihong Liu Clarke Catalin Tucureanu Iuliana Caras Sonya Ciulean Adrian Onu Vlad Tofan Alexandru Branzan Stephan Urban Crina Stavaru Norica Branza-NichitaSammendrag
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection can be prevented by vaccination. Vaccines containing the small (S)envelope protein are currently used in universal vaccination programs and achieve protective immuneresponse in more than 90% of recipients. However, new vaccination strategies are necessary for successfulimmunization of the remaining non- or low-responders. We have previously characterized a novel HBVchimeric antigen, which combines neutralization epitopes of the S and the preS1 domain of the large (L)envelope protein (genotype D). The S/preS121–47chimera produced in mammalian cells and Nicotianabenthamiana plants, induced a significantly stronger immune response in parenterally vaccinated micethan the S protein. Here we describe the transient expression of the S/preS121–47antigen in an edibleplant, Lactuca sativa, for potential development of an oral HBV vaccine. Our study shows that oral admin-istration of adjuvant-free Lactuca sativa expressing the S/preS121–47antigen, three times, at 1lg/dose,was sufficient to trigger a humoral immune response in mice. Importantly, the elicited antibodies wereable to neutralize HBV infection in an NTCP-expressing infection system (HepG2-NTCP cell line) moreefficiently than those induced by mice fed on Lactuca sativa expressing the S protein. These results sup-port the S/preS121–47antigen as a promising candidate for future development as an edible HBV vaccine.