Hopp til hovedinnholdet

Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2022

Sammendrag

As a way to estimate evapotranspiration (ET), Heat Field Deformation (HFD) is a widely used method to measure sap flow of trees based on empirical relationships between heat transfer within tree stems and the sap flow rates. As an alternative, the Linear Heat Balance (LHB) method implements the same instrumental configuration as HFD but calculates the sap flow rates using analytical equations that are derived from fundamental conduction-convection heat transfer equations.

Til dokument

Sammendrag

NIBIO-modellen JOVAest og NIVA-modellen TEOTIL har vært brukt i mange år for å simulere tilførsler av totalt nitrogen og fosfor på nasjonal skala i Norge. Modellene brukes til å støtte vannforvaltning, for eksempel ved å sammenligne simulerte tilførsler med målverdier. Denne rapporten beskriver de eksisterende modellene i detalj og foreslår oppdateringer og forbedringer for å gjøre modelleringsarbeidsflyten mer relevant for behovene til vannforvaltere. Foreslåtte endringer inkluderer: (i) oppdatering av alle komponenter i den eksisterende arbeidsflyten; (ii) å bruke modellen Agricat2 for å simulere jordbruksfosfor; (iii) simulering av underfraksjoner av totalt nitrogen og fosfor; (iv) tilsetning av suspendert sediment og organisk materiale som tilleggsparametere; og (v) å tilføre ytterligere punktkilder til næringsstoffer, slik som utslipp fra landbasert akvakultur.

Sammendrag

Ulike komposterings forsøk med slam stivelse og potetavfall fra Maarud er gjennomført for å se på overlevelse av gul potetcystenematode (PCN) Globodera rostochiensis under kompostering. Forsøkene er utført både i laboratorieskala og i større ranker utendørs. Forsøk 1: Resultatene viste at gul PCN cyster kompostert i termos sammen med slam og potet avfall mister evnen til å infisere mandel potetplanter hvis de eksponeres over 5o °C i 3-5 døgn. Forsøk 2: Det ble ikke funnet levende larver og egg fra cyster i materialet ved mikroskopanalyse etter kompostering i stor ranke i 26 dager. Temperaturer ble målt fra 60 - 69°C ved 0.5 m, 1.0 m og 1.5 m dybde i ranken. Forsøk 3: Det ble ikke funnet levende fertile larver i materialet kompostert med temperaturer over 27 døgn >55°C, >60 °C (21 døgn) og 65°C (10 døgn). Cystene ble eksponering for rot ekstrakt fra potet for å starte klekking. Kontrollcystene viste ulikt antall klekte larver etter 6 uker. Alle analyser basert på ulike bland prøver fra 16 kompostbatcher produsert mellom 2020 og 2021 er analysert for PCN cyster og viste negative svar. Dette sikrer at komposten er trygg for videre bruk.

Til dokument

Sammendrag

Roadsides, in particular those being species-rich and of conservation value, are considered to improve landscape permeability by providing corridors among habitat patches and by facilitating species' dispersal. However, little is known about the potential connectivity offered by such high-value roadsides. Using circuit theory, we modelled connectivity provided by high-value roadsides in landscapes with low or high permeability in south-central Sweden, with ‘permeability’ being measured by the area of semi-natural grasslands. We modelled structural connectivity and, for habitat generalists and specialists, potential functional connectivity focusing on butterflies. We further assessed in which landscapes grassland connectivity is best enhanced through measures for expanding the area of high-value roadsides. Structural connectivity provided by high-value roadsides resulted in similar patterns to those of a functional approach, in which we modelled habitat generalists. In landscapes with low permeability, all target species showed higher movements within compared to between grasslands using high-value roadsides. In landscapes with high permeability, grassland generalists and specialists showed the same patterns, whereas for habitat generalists, connectivity provided by high-value roadsides and grasslands was similar. Increasing the ratio of high-value roadsides can thus enhance structural and functional connectivity in landscapes with low permeability. In contrast, in landscapes with high permeability, roadsides only supported movement of specialised species. Continuous segments of high-value roadsides are most efficient to increase connectivity for specialists, whereas generalists can utilize also short segments of high-value roadsides acting as stepping-stones. Thus, land management should focus on the preservation and restoration of existing semi-natural grasslands. Management for enhancing grassland connectivity through high-value roadsides should aim at maintaining and creating high-value roadside vegetation, preferably in long continuous segments, especially in landscapes with low permeability.

Til dokument

Sammendrag

The replacement of native birch with Norway spruce has been initiated in Norway to increase long-term carbon storage in forests. However, there is limited knowledge on the impacts that aboveground changes will have on the belowground microbiota. We examined which effects a tree species shift from birch to spruce stands has on belowground microbial communities, soil fungal biomass and relationships with vegetation biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC). Replacement of birch with spruce negatively influenced soil bacterial and fungal richness and strongly altered microbial community composition in the forest floor layer, most strikingly for fungi. Tree species-mediated variation in soil properties was a major factor explaining variation in bacterial communities. For fungi, both soil chemistry and understorey vegetation were important community structuring factors, particularly for ectomycorrhizal fungi. The relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi and the ectomycorrhizal : saprotrophic fungal ratio were higher in spruce compared to birch stands, particularly in the deeper mineral soil layers, and vice versa for saprotrophs. The positive relationship between ergosterol (fungal biomass) and SOC stock in the forest floor layer suggests higher carbon sequestration potential in spruce forest soil, alternatively, that the larger carbon stock leads to an increase in soil fungal biomass.