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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2021

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Sammendrag

Pollination sustains biodiversity and food security, but pollinators are threatened by habitat degradation, fragmentation, and loss. We assessed how remaining forest influenced bee visits to flowers in an oil palm-dominated landscape in Borneo. We observed bee visits to six plant species: four crops (Capsicum frutescens L. “chili”; Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai “watermelon”; Solanum lycopersicum L. “tomato”; and Solanum melongena L. “eggplant”); one native plant Melastoma malabathricum L. “melastome”; and the exotic Turnera subulata Smith “turnera”. We made one local grid-based and one landscape-scale transect-based study spanning 208 and 2130 m from forest, respectively. We recorded 1249 bee visits to 4831 flowers in 1046 ten-min observation periods. Visit frequency varied among plant species, ranging from 0 observed visits to S. lycopersicum to a mean of 0.62 visits per flower per 10 min to C. lanatus. Bee visitation frequency declined with distance from forest in both studies, with expected visitation frequency decreasing by 55% and 66% at the maximum distance from forest in each study. We also tested whether the distance to the nearest oil palm patch, with a maximum distance of 144 m, influenced visitation, but found no such associations. Expected visitation frequency was 70%–77% lower for plants close to a 200 ha forest fragment compared with those near large continuous forests (>400 ha). Our results suggest that, although found throughout the oil palm-dominated landscape, bees depend on remaining forests. Larger forests support more bees, though even a 50 ha fragment has a positive contribution. Abstract in Indonesian is available with online material.

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There is increasing interest in developing urban design principles that incorporate good ecological management. Research on understanding the distribution and role of beneficial pollinating insects, in particular, is changing our view of the ecological value of cities. With the rapid expansion of the built environment comes a need to understand how insects may be affected in extensive urban areas. We therefore investigated insect pollinator capture rates in a rapidly growing and densely urbanized city (Melbourne, Australia). We identified a remnant native habitat contained within the expansive urban boundary, and established study sites at two nearby populated urban areas. We employed standard pan trap sampling techniques to passively sample insect orders in the different environments. Our results show that, even though the types of taxonomic groups of insects captured are comparable between locations, important pollinators like bees and hoverflies were more frequently captured in the remnant native habitat. By contrast, beetles (Coleoptera) and butterflies/moths (Lepidoptera) were more frequently observed in the urban residential regions. Our results suggest that the maintenance of native habitat zones within cities is likely to be valuable for the conservation of bees and the ecosystem services they provide.

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1. Predicting plant–pollinator interaction networks over space and time will improve our understanding of how environmental change is likely to impact the functioning of ecosystems. Here we propose a framework for producing spatially explicit predictions of the occurrence and number of pairwise plant–pollinator interactions and of the species richness, diversity and abundance of pollinators visiting flowers. We call the framework ‘MetaComNet’ because it aims to link metacommunity dynamics to the assembly of ecological networks. 2. To illustrate the MetaComNet functionality, we used a dataset on bee–flower networks sampled at 16 sites in southeast Norway along with random forest models to predict bee–flower interactions. We included variables associated with climatic conditions (elevation) and habitat availability within a 250 m radius of each site. Regional commonness, site-specific distance to conspecifics, social guild and floral preference were included as bee traits. Each plant species was assigned a score reflecting its site-specific abundance, and four scores reflecting the bee species that the plant family is known to attract. We used leave-one-out cross-validations to assess the models' ability to predict pairwise plant–bee interactions across the landscape. 3. The relationship between observed occurrence or absence of interactions and the predicted probability of interactions was nearly proportional (GLMlogistic regression slope = 1.09), matching the data well (AUC = 0.88), and explained 30% of the variation. Predicted probability of interactions was also correlated with the number of observed pairwise interactions (r = 0.32). The sum of predicted probabilities of bee–flower interactions were positively correlated with observed species richness (r = 0.50), diversity (r = 0.48) and abundance (r = 0.42) of wild bees interacting with plant species within sites. 4. Our findings show that the MetaComNet framework can be a useful approach for making spatially explicit predictions and mapping plant–pollinator interactions. Such predictions have the potential to identify areas where the pollination potential for wild plants is particularly high, and where conservation action should be directed to preserve this ecosystem function. interactions, network, plants, pollinators, predict, random forest

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Pollinating insects are an inherent part of most terrestrial ecosystems as they provide a crucial service for most angiosperms, including numerous important crops. A decrease in pollinator populations can therefore have severe consequences for both natural ecosystems and agricultural yields. Pesticide usage has been pointed out as one of the drivers behind pollinator declines. Globally, neonicotinoids are one of the most commonly used insecticides and studies have shown that exposure at sub-lethal levels can alter foraging behaviour, ultimately negatively affecting survival. Using a custom-made bumblebee colony monitoring system, we examined how the number and duration of foraging bouts of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) on an individual level, and hive growth rate, was affected by exposure to low (6.5 µg/L) and high (10.6 µg/L) sub-lethal concentrations of the neonicotinoid clothianidin via nectar. We also examined possible interaction between clothianidin exposure and abiotic factors (temperature and precipitation), and its impact on foraging bout number and duration. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of clothianidin increased foraging bout duration in bumblebees. Furthermore, the foraging bout duration decreased with increasing temperature at both exposure concentrations, whereas the unexposed control group was not affected by temperature. Neither number of foraging bouts nor the daily rhythm of foraging bout duration was affected by clothianidin exposure or temperature. The foraging bout duration decreased with increasing precipitation in both exposed and non-exposed groups. However, we did not find any interaction between precipitation and exposure, suggesting that precipitation does not affect toxicity. Our study shows the importance of semi-natural experiments and accounting for ambient factors when assessing the risk that pesticide exposure may present to pollinators. We conclude that the effect of clothianidin exposure on bumblebee foraging behaviour is temperature sensitive and that local climatic conditions and future climate change scenarios should be considered in risk assessments of clothianidin and other insecticides.

Sammendrag

NIBIO, avdeling for kulturlandskap og biologisk mangfold, ved Synnøve Nordal Grenne, har utført et oppdrag som besto i å kartlegge status for utbredelsen av sitkagran på Storfosna i Ørland kommune. Hensikten med dette prosjektet var å gi en oversikt over arealer med den fremmede arten sitkagran (Picea sitchensis) begrenset til øya Storfosna i Ørland kommune. Forarbeidet besto i at kartleggingsområdet ble flybildetolket, områder med potensiell sitkagran ble digitalisert og avgrenset vha. kartverktøy (GIS) før feltarbeidet. Tilgjengelige flyfoto (Norge i Bilder) og arealressurskart (AR5) ble benyttet som datagrunnlag for flybildetolking. Feltarbeidet har verifisert om de forhåndsdigitaliserte områdene er sitkagran. Ved sitkagranobservasjoner ble det satt av punkter i en artsapp som er utviklet av Miljødirektoratet. Resultatet av prosjektet er levert i denne rapporten, i tillegg til shapefiler og bildefiler fra kartleggingen. Punktene satt av i artsapp er levert i en egen shapefil.

Sammendrag

Denne rapporten presenterer rekartlegging og verdisetting av naturtyper, spesielt med hensyn til kystlynghei og strandeng på Svinøya i Nærøysund kommune, Trøndelag fylke, på oppdrag fra Nærøysund kommune. Målsettingen med arbeidet var å få en rekartlegging av kystlyngheien på Svinøya etter NiN, samt en kort, overordnet vurdering av lokalitetene etter DN-håndbok 13.

Sammendrag

Denne rapporten presenterer revidert skjøtselsplan for kystlynghei for lokaliteten Madsøya i Ørland kommune, på oppdrag fra grunneier og bruker Bente Haugen Madsø og Statsforvalteren i Trøndelag. Skjøtselsplanen er en revidering av planen fra 2015 utarbeidet av Olaug Bach (Bach O. 2015). Skjøtselsplanen er utarbeidet etter mal for skjøtselsplaner for kystlynghei i regi av Miljødirektoratet. Kartleggingen av Madsøya har følgt Miljødirektoratets kartleggingsinstruks (MD 2021). I forbindelse med arbeidet ble Madsøya rekartlagt etter NiN 2.1 og kystlyngheien fikk dermed ny avgrensing, områdebeskrivelse og verdisetting.

Sammendrag

NIBIO ved Synnøve Nordal Grenne fikk i 2019 i oppdrag fra bruker Siv Kristin Fosli, og Malvik kommune ved jordbrukssjef Johan Forbord, å utforme skjøtselsplanen for Viken nedre naturbeitemark i Malvik kommune, Trøndelag fylke. Skjøtselsplanen gir skjøtsels- og restaureringsråd for naturbeitemark. Rapporten er delt inn i to hoveddeler. Første del gir en kort generell beskrivelse av naturtypen naturbeitemark. Andre del er rettet mot den som skal utføre skjøtsel og forvaltningen, og omhandler naturgrunnlaget og dagens drift i området, samt beskrivelsen av konkrete restaurerings- og skjøtselstiltak innenfor lokaliteten. Som vedlegg finnes en beskrivelse av den verdifulle naturtypen som inngår i drifta (vedlegg 1). Den genererer i hovedsak informasjon rettet inn mot forvaltning, inkludert søkbare egenskaper for området i Miljødirektoratets naturbase.

Sammendrag

NIBIO ved Synnøve Nordal Grenne fikk i 2019 i oppdrag fra bruker Arve Ørsjødal og Malvik kommune ved jordbrukssjef Johan Forbord å utforme skjøtselsplanen for Volden øvre og nedre i Malvik kommune, Trøndelag fylke. Skjøtselsplanen er utarbeidet i samarbeid med bruker og gir skjøtsels- og restaureringsråd for naturbeitemark. Rapporten er delt inn i to hoveddeler. Første del gir en kort generell beskrivelse av naturtypen naturbeitemark. Andre del er rettet mot den som skal utføre skjøtsel og forvaltningen, og omhandler naturgrunnlaget og dagens drift i området, samt beskrivelsen av konkrete restaurerings- og skjøtselstiltak innenfor lokaliteten. Som vedlegg finnes en beskrivelse av de verdifulle naturtypene som inngår i drifta (vedlegg 1). Den genererer i hovedsak informasjon rettet inn mot forvaltning, inkludert søkbare egenskaper for området i Miljødirektoratets naturbase.