Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
Sammendrag
In the Nordic countries several composting plants for source separated organic household waste (SSOW) have experiences problems with establishment of high-rate respiration processes. The problems with start-up of the high-rate composting phase can be related to sensitivity of the thermophilic microflora to low pH in the composting material. Low pH is caused by high content of organic acids produced by fermenting microorganisms in the waste. In our studies we investigated the effect of different ratio of SSOW mixed with bulking agent in the development of short organic acid content and the shift from a fermentative to aerobic bacteria population during composting.
Sammendrag
Effects of composting on survival and reproduction of the potato cyst nematode (PCN) Globodera rostochiensis were investigated in 150-liter pilot scale reactors. Small bags containing cysts of PCN were incubated in organic waste and composted for 8, 15 or 29 days. Temperatures in the areas close to the cyst bags were monitored. Survival, measured by hatching, was reduced by 99.9% already after 8 days of composting and at 29 days no hatching was recorded. A few eggs, however, still hatched after being composted for 15 days and exposed to temperatures higher than 60°C for several days. Maximal temperatures and thermal exposure time as such could not explain the hatching pattern of PCN, so other factors are likely to be involved in causing lethality. PCN failed to reproduce after 8 days of composting with temperatures reaching a minimum of 50°C during the period. Hence, eight days of composting where all material have reached a temperature of minimum 50°C during the period, could be regarded as a satisfactory method for sanitation of PCN.
Forfattere
Erik J. JonerSammendrag
Fytoremediering er en kostnadseffektiv og miljøvennlig teknologi til opprensning av forurenset jord og vann ved hjelp av planter. Ulike anvendelser benytter seg av planters evne til absorpsjon og nedbryting, eller synergistiske effekter der samspill med mikroorganismer inngår. Potensialet for fytoremediering i Norge er stort og ubenyttet.
Forfattere
Trine Eggen Lars Petter Myhre Rolf Arne Kleiv Carl Amundsen Maria Thornhill N. O. Kitterød Atle Nævdal Stig Westerlund Roald SørheimSammendrag
Det er utarbeidet et testprogram for å vurdere egnethet av overskudds- og restmasser for bruk til tildekking av forurensede sedimenter. Testprogrammet vurderer materialets egnethet på generelt grunnlag, uavhengig av en rekke stedspesifikke faktorer som da må vurderes i et helhetlig perspektiv i forhold til et søkt tildekkingsprosjekt. Inntil det er etablert egnede akseptkriterier for dette formålet anvendes kriterier etablert for andre formål. Forslag til opplysninger som SFT eller fylkesmannen bør kreve av søkeren av gjennomføring av tildekkingsprosjekt er en del av i rapporten. Dette omfatter prosjektering, gjennomføring og langsiktig overvåkning av eventuelle miljøkonsekvenser.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and other gases were measured in the emissions from solid waste degradation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions during laboratory and field investigations. The emissions were measured as room temperature headspace gas concentrations in reactors of 1, 30, and 150 L, as well as sucked gas concentrations from windrow composting piles and a biocell, under field conditions. The aerobic composting laboratory experiments consisted of treatments with and without lime. The CO concentrations measured during anaerobic conditions varied from 0 to 3000 ppm, the average being 23 ppm, increasing to 133 ppm when methane (CH4) concentrations were low. The mean/maximum CO concentrations during the aerobic degradation in the 2-L reactor were 101/194 ppm without lime, 486/2022 ppm with lime, and 275/980 ppm in the 150-L reactors. The presence of CO during the aerobic composting followed a rapid decline in O2 concentrations Significantly higher CO concentrations were obtained when the aerobic degradation was amended with lime, probably because of a more extreme depletion of oxygen. The mean/maximum CO concentrations under field conditions during aerobic composting were 95/1000 ppm. The CO concentrations from the anaerobic biocell varied from 20 to 160 ppm. The hydrogen sulfide concentrations reached almost 1200 ppm during the anaerobic degradation and 67 ppm during the composting experiments. There is a positive correlation between the CO and hydrogen sulfide concentrations measured during the anaerobic degradation experiments.
2005
Sammendrag
Artikkelsen oppsummerer noen erfaringer med kompostering under kalde klimatiske forhold i Norge
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag