Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
The exponential increase in the use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in a variety of commercially available products has raised concerns about their release into environmental compartments. Soils in particular have been pointed out as a major environmental sink for ENMs, e.g. through the application of sewage sludge to soil. However, data are scarce on the fate of ENMs in soils and on their bioavailability to organisms once ENMs interact with the soil matrix. The main reason for this knowledge gap has been the methodological challenges to trace and quantify ENMs in complex matrices like soils due to the presence of abundant natural nanoparticles (e.g. clays, iron oxides, organic matter). Methods able to overcome this hurdle will be introduced, as well as their limitations. The aim of this lecture is to present the current state of knowledge on the fate, behavior and toxicity of some of the most commercialized ENMs (carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, metal and metal oxides) in terrestrial ecosystems. We will see the potential modifications ENMs may undergo in soils, namely agglomeration, adsorption to soil constituents, dissolution of particles, effects of pH and organic matter on their speciation, and how these parameters can influence their transport in soil and their bioavailability to organisms. Ecotoxicity will also be addressed, through studies on bacteria, nematodes and earthworms.
Forfattere
Emmanuel Lapied Claire Coutris Elara Moudilou Jean-Marie Exbrayat Deborah H. Oughton Erik JonerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Currently, very little data exist on the exposure of soil biota to engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), in spite of soils being an important potential sink for ENPs. This is mainly due to difficulties in tracing ENPs in soils where natural nanoparticles are abundant. We used neutron activated ENPs as tracers and examined the exposure (uptake, excretion and internal distribution) of nanoparticles of cobalt (Co NPs 3.9 ± 0.8 nm) and silver (Ag NPs 20.2 ± 2.5 nm) in the earthworm Eisenia fetida, and compared this to soluble cobalt and silver salts. Accumulation patterns were highly different for cobalt and silver. Concentrations of cobalt in worms reached 88% and 69% of the Co ions and Co NPs concentrations in food, respectively, while corresponding values for Ag ions and Ag NPs were 2.3% and 0.4%. Both Ag NPs and Ag ions in earthworms were excreted rapidly, while only 32% of the accumulated Co ions and Co NPs were excreted within 4 months. High accumulation of cobalt was found in blood, and to a lesser extent in the digestive tract. Sequential extraction and centrifugal ultrafiltration provided useful information on metal speciation and bioavailability of Co NPs and Ag NPs.
Sammendrag
In terrestrial ecotoxicology there is a serious lack of data for potential hazards posed by engineered nanoparticles (ENPs). This is partly due to complex interactions between ENPs and the soil matrix, but also to the lack of suitable toxicological end points in organisms that are exposed to ENPs in a relevant manner. Earthworms are key organisms in terrestrial ecosystems, but so far only physiological end points of low sensitivity have been used in ecotoxicity studies with ENPs. We exposed the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris to silver nanoparticles and measured their impact on apoptosis in different tissues. Increased apoptotic activity was detected in a range of tissues both at acute and sublethal concentrations (down to 4 mg/kg soil). Comparing exposure in water and soil showed reduced bioavailability in soil reflected in the apoptotic response. Apoptosis appears to be a sensitive end point and potentially a powerful tool for quantifying environmental hazards of ENPs.
2009
Sammendrag
I forbindelse med Norsk Vann sitt arbeidet "stoff-for-stoff og kilde for kilde" er det er gjennomført en måling av tilstedeværelsen for utvalgte kjemikalier, både kjente og potensielle miljøproblemstoffer, i sigevann fra Isi avfallsdeponi og innløp til VEAS. Potensielle miljøproblemstoffer er stoffer som er påvist i miljøprøver, men som man har lite eller ingen kunnskap om når det gjelder deres miljø- og helseeffekter. De forbindelsene som ble funnet i høyere konsentrasjon i sigevann enn i innløpsvann til VEAS (> 10 x høyere) eller kun påvist i sigevann var insekticidet DEET, perfluorerte forbindelser (PFC) og flere organofosfat-forbindelser. Motsatt mønster, høyere konsentrasjon i innløpsvann enn i sigevann, ble funnet for triclosan, muskstoffene galaxolid og tonalid, og ftalat-forbindelsen DEHP. Bisfenol A og nonylfenol ble funnet i omtrent samme konsentrasjonsnivå i sigevann og innløpsvann til VEAS. Det er ikke mulig på bakgrunn av denne undersøkelsen å kvantifisere mengden miljøgifter som har opphav i ISI avfallsdeponi eller total mengde miljøgifter som tilføres VEAS. Dette fordi det er få prøver og fordi vannmengde og konsentrasjonsnivåer i både sigevann og avløpsvann vil variere. Undersøkelsen gir likevel en pekepinn på hvilke tradisjonelle og nye potensielle miljøproblemstoffer som kan forventes forefinnes - samt en indikasjon på konsentrasjonsnivåer - i sigevann fra deponier og avløpsvann.In connection to Norwegian Water"s work related to "compound-for-compound and source for source" ,a wide range of compounds was analyzed in leachates from Isi waste landfill and influent to VEAS. Both well-known and potential environmental hazardous compounds (emerging compounds) were analyzed. Emerging compounds are compounds found in environmental matrixes but no or scare knowledge about environmental effect exists. Compounds found in higher concentration in leachates than in influent (> 10 x higher) or only detected in leachates were DEET, perfluorated compounds, and some organophosphates. The opposite pattern, higher concentration in influent than leachates, was measured for triclosan, the musk compounds galaxolide and tonalide, and the phthalate DEHP. Due to few samples and highly varying water flow for leachates and wastewater, it is not possible based on this study to quantify the amount of compounds originating from Isi landfill or the total load to VEAS. However, the study gives an indication about which traditional and potentially emerging contaminants that can be expected to be detected and their concentrations in leachates from landfills and wastewater.
Forfattere
Johannes Deelstra Line Meinert Rød Rikard Pedersen Marianne Bechmann Lillian Øygarden Alexander Engebretsen Hans Olav EggestadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Hans Olav Eggestad Marianne Bechmann Annelene Pengerud Johannes Deelstra Alexander Engebretsen Rikard PedersenSammendrag
Poster på Bioforsk-konferansen 2009, Sandefjord.
Forfattere
Ove BergersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ove BergersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ove BergersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag