Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2023
Sammendrag
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a widely recognised measure for reducing pollution loads and improving the quality of surface waters. The removal efficiency of CWs varies considerably depending on system type and design as well as residence time, hydraulic load, particles and nutrient loading rates. Therefore, there is a need to closely monitor the efficiency of existing measures, look at their efficiency in practice and be able to foresee potential implications for their efficiency in light of climate change and land management intensification. This study presents 18 years of data from a typical Norwegian small CW established in the Skuterud catchment. The main objective of this study was to look at the impact of hydraulic load, particles and nutrient loads (depending on climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation) on CW effectiveness. The results showed an average of 39 % and 22 % annual removal efficiency for sediment and phosphorus, respectively. It appears that good CW effectiveness coincides with a combination of high sediment or phosphorus loads to the CW and a stable runoff of low to moderate intensity. At the seasonal level, the highest sediment and phosphorus removal efficiency is observed in the summer seasons (47% for sediment and 29% for phosphorus), when the sediment and phosphorus loads and runoff are at their lowest, and the lowest in autumn (23% for sediment) and in winter (4% for phosphorus). The relationship between removal efficiency and loads to the CW is not that straightforward, as other seasonal differences, such as erosion patterns, vegetation development, also become important. The conclusion based on the results presented is that establishing CWs can be a good supplement to best management practice in erosion-prone catchments with sensitive recipients.
Forfattere
Volkmar Timmermann Isabella Børja Nicholas Clarke Rune Eriksen Jostein Gohli Gro Hylen Jane Uhd Jepsen Paal Krokene Holger Lange Helge Meissner Nina Elisabeth Nagy Jørn-Frode Nordbakken Sverre Solberg Halvor Solheim Ole Petter Laksforsmo Vindstad Bjørn Økland Wenche AasSammendrag
Source at <a href=https://www.nibio.no/>https://www.nibio.no/</a>.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Marianne Bechmann Randi Berland Frøseth Synnøve Rivedal Eva Brod Franziska Fischer Till Seehusen Anne Falk ØgaardSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Quantifying the similarities and differences in atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition between different ecosystems is important to develop effective measures to reduce air pollution and maintain biodiversity. Here we show that the constitution of N deposition differed significantly between a grassland and a desert ecosystem in Northwestern China. Flux of bulk (wet plus part of dry deposition) and dry (gaseous NH3 and NO2) deposition were continuously monitored from 2018 to 2020. The grassland and desert sites had similar amount of total N deposition, being 7.29 and 6.33 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. However, N deposition at the grassland was dominated by the bulk deposition (4.44 kg N ha−1 yr−1, 61% of the total N deposition), whereas that at the desert was dominated by dry deposition (4.20 kg N ha−1 yr−1, 66% of total deposition). The desert had greater ambient concentrations of NH3 (3.66 μg N m−3) and NO2 (1.52 μg N m−3) than the grassland (2.73 μg NH3–N m−3 and 0.72 μg NO2–N m−3). The amount of reduced N deposition (NH4+ and NH3) was around 3 times of that of oxidized N deposition (NO3− and NO2) in both ecosystems. The N deposition rates in both ecosystems have exceeded the critical load for the fragile ecosystems (5–10 kg N ha−1 yr−1), highlighting the importance of reducing N emission sources that are related with anthropogenic disturbance.
Forfattere
Nermina Spaho Fuad Gaši Erich Leitner Asima Akagić Milenko Blesić Mekjell MelandSammendrag
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of traditional apple cultivars from Bosnia and Herzegovina to improve the aroma of the less aromatic international cultivar “Idared” in the production of spirits. Two flavor improvement approaches were used: joint fermentation of traditional and “Idared” apples and the maceration of traditional apples in raw “Idared” spirits, followed by redistillation. Minor aroma volatile compounds in the obtained spirits were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy techniques after enrichment via solid-phase microextraction. Overall, 36 minor volatile compounds were found in spirits. The share of detected compounds varied greatly among samples due to the flavoring approach and used cultivars. Flavor improvement during fermentation proved a more efficient approach. Even 10% share of a traditional apple is enough to improve the positive sensory attributes of the spirits. The obtained results encourage the future use of traditional apple cultivars in the production and flavor improvement of fruit spirits.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Alexander Melvold Engebretsen Johanna SkrutvoldSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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