Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
In 2008, severe outbreaks of Neonectria canker were found on white fir (Abies concolor) in southern Norway, and a Neonectria sp. was isolated from two counties in southwestern Norway and four counties in southeastern Norway. Both old and young trees were dead or dying. The same Neonectria sp. was also isolated from Siberian fir (A. sibirica), subalpine fir (A. lasiocarpa), and Norway spruce (Picea abies) in southeastern Norway. Previously N. fuckeliana had been reported on spruce species in Norway and on spruce and fir species in other countries. Sequencing of the internal transcribed regions (ITS) of ribosomal DNA showed that all of the isolates from 2008 were identical and were more similar to N. ditissima (syn. N. galligena) than to N. fuckeliana. The isolates were five base pairs different from N. ditissima, and they may in the future be considered a new species. The perithecia were dark around the ostiole. This morphological characteristic is known from N. ditissima, but not from N. fuckeliana. Inoculation tests were carried out on subalpine fir, white fir, and Norway spruce, and the fungus was pathogenic on all inoculated species. Thiophanate-methyl proved very effective against Neonectria sp. in laboratory fungicide trials.
Sammendrag
Use of organic fertilizers in fish pond has been common since ancient times. Applying fertilizers stimulates the growth of phytoplankton, primary producers of the fish food chain. Artificial nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are nowadays the main types of nutrients supply in ponds. However, the use of mineral fertilizers is not sustainable due to the use of nonrenewable resource and the impact on the environment. Moreover, the Norwegian government has defined the national ambition that organic food production and food consumption should be more than 15% by 2020. Modern societies produce large amount of organic wastes, which could be reused. Ahead of utilizing such waste as fertilizers in aquaculture, the first step is to gain knowledge about the mineralization patterns in seawater. This knowledge is important to ensure proper supply time and proper amount of nutrients from waste for optimal production with minimal negative impact on the environment This poster will present a study about nitrogen mineralization pattern from organic materials relevant as fertilizers in sustainable aquaculture.
Forfattere
Bent Egberg Mikkelsen Chen He Minna Mikkola Thorkild Nielsen Lena Lie NymoenSammendrag
The iPOPY conference on Novel Strategies for Climate Mitigation, Sustainability and Healthy Eating in Public Foodscapes was held the 25th – 26thof November, 2010 in the Copenhagen Institute of Technology arranged by the researchgroup Food, People & Design at Aalborg University. The conference attracted over 60 scientists and practitioners and focused on the difference that “outside home settings” can do in order to promote healthy eating, organic consumption and more climate friendly food choices. The conference also attracted considerable attention from news media. The report contains the conference contributions.
Forfattere
Lars Tørres HavstadSammendrag
Alt i alt tilsier erfaringer så langt at soppsprøyting ofte vil være lønnsomt i frøeng av både timotei og engsvingel hvor det er en del soppangrep. Resultatene fra feltet i Hedmark hvor det var lite sopp, og ingen positiv virkning av soppsprøyting, viser imidlertid at en ikke bør basere seg på programmert sprøyting. For å vinne mer erfaring med behovet for soppsprøyting rundt om i landet vil vi i 2010 legge ut nye forsøksfelt i de to artene i Trøndelag, Buskerud, Aust-Agder og Østfold. Riktig tidspunkt for bekjemping er ved begynnende angrep, vanligvis i perioden mellom begynnende strekningsvekst og blomstring. Forsøkene i 2009 viste at værforholdene i vekstsesongen har stor innvirkning på bekjempingsbehovet. Størst behov vil det være i regnfulle somre, spesielt i "kraftig" frøeng med høyt legdepress. Har det dessuten vært soppangrep i enga året før er det stor sjanse for at enga vil bli angrepet i år også. Ved tidlige angrep er det i begge arter mulig å tankblande sopp- og vekstreguleringsmiddel. De aktuelle midlene er Acanto Prima (anbefalt dose: 80-150 g/daa) og Stereo 312,5 EC (anbefalt dose 70-150 ml/daa), som begge er off-label godkjent for bruk av medlemmer av Norsk frøavlerlag. I henhold til off-label etiketten er det kun lagt opp til en behandling pr. vekstsesong. Det er enda for tidlig til å dra noen slutning om hvilket middel som gir best beskyttelse mot soppangrep. Så langt har Stereo kommet litt bedre ut enn Acanto prima i timotei, men den vekstregulerende evnen til middelt må tas med i betraktningen. I engsvingel har de to midlene så langt vært om lag like gode.
Forfattere
Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Guro Brodal Heidi Udnes Aamot Oleif Elen Marika Jestoi Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
In a 6-year period from 2004-2009, about 500 grain samples of spring wheat and oats were collected from farmers" fields in South East Norway. In order to study the effect of environmental factors on development of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins in cereal grains, climate data was collected from the nearest weather station and information on cultivation practice in the respective fields was registered for each grain sample. All samples were analyzed for 18 different Fusarium-mycotoxins by LC-MS/MS at the Finnish Food Safety Authority, and the DNA content of selected Fusarium species (Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. poae, F. langsethiae/F. sporotrichoides) was determined by quantitative PCR.
Forfattere
May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
Phytophthora cactorum causes crown rot in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Dutch.), which is characterized by wilting and eventually collapse of the plant. An efficient control measure is the use of resistant cultivars, however most commercial cultivars are susceptible to the disease. The aim of our work is to generate basic knowledge about P. cactorum resistance as well as to develop genetic markers that can be used as tools for development of resistant cultivars. The genetic complexity of the octoploid cultivated strawberry, has led to development of the diploid wild strawberry (F. vesca) as a model system for Fragaria. We have identified suitable parents after screening accessions of diploid Fragaria sp. for resistance [1], and generated a mapping population which we are currently characterizing. In order to study the plant-pathogen interaction in detail we have identified and characterized resistance genes from diploid strawberry and effector genes from P. cactorum using different transcriptional analysis techniques; nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-profiling for resistance genes, and suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) as well as a designed effector-specific differential display (ESDD) for genes involved in pathogenicity. This work is supported by The Research Council of Norway. [1] Eikemo H, Brurberg MB, Davik J (2010). Resistance to Phytophthora cactorum in diploid Fragaria species. HortScience. 45:193-197.
Forfattere
Celine Rebours Marte Meland Julie MaguireSammendrag
The European production of marine macroalgae is mainly based on harvest of natural resources. Catches are stable, and an increase in production might depend on cultivation of seaweed, to prevent high pressure on natural resources. Cultivation of seaweed is less developed in Europe than in Asia, where it has long traditions. The NETALGAE project aims to assess the existing production of macroalgae, and to transfer knowledge across European regions to promote sustainable development within the European macroalgae industry. NETALGAE aims to create a European network of relevant stakeholders within the marine macroalgae sector, by creation of business tools such as database, website, trade directory and training materials. The network will include primary producers, processors, technology suppliers, process consultants, research institutes, development agencies, local governments and relevant community groups and other stakeholders. A wide ranging policy study will establish a best practice model and suggest policies for the successful and sustainable commercial utilization of marine macroalgae resources. The project runs from 2010-2012, and is financed by the Atlantic Area Transnational Programme, The European Regional Development Fund and by national co- funding. The oral presentation will describe the NETALGAE project, its aims, objectives, partners and the preliminary results from the Norwegian partner.
Forfattere
Ann Katrin Holtekjølen Anne Kjersti Uhlen Mauritz Åssveen Stefan SahlströmSammendrag
Norway has long traditions in growing oat for feed and food. A good raw material quality is an important field giving different quality parameters an increased focus. Important quality characteristics, both for feed and food, are linked to polysaccharides, particulary beta-glucan and starch. It is of great importance to enhance and optimise the polysaccharide composition according to different end-uses. New varieties are therefore developed worldwide focusing on enhanced nutritional properties. However, it is possible to improve or secure a stable quality of existing commercial oat varities by focusing on different growing conditions. In this project Norwegian commercial oat varieties were exposed to controlled climate chambers, field trials in plastic tunnels and ordinary field trials. This will give a better understanding and provide new knowledge to secure a stable raw material quality and a better utilization of Norwegian oat to different end uses. In addition, it provides an improved understanding of the relationships between climate factors experienced in a Nordic climate and the quality of fibre and starch.
Forfattere
Christian Sonne Jan Ove Bustnes Dorte Herzke Veerle L B Jaspers Adrian Covaci Duncan J Halley Truls Moum Igor Eulaers Marcel Eens Rolf A Ims Sveinn Are Hanssen Kjell Einar Erikstad Trond Vidar Johnson Lisbeth Schnug Frank F Rigét Asger L JensenSammendrag
Organohalogen contaminants (OHCs) may affect various physiological parameters in birds including blood chemistry. We therefore examined blood plasma clinical-chemical parameters and OHCs in golden eagle, white-tailed eagle and goshawk chicks from Northern Norway. Correlation analyses on pooled data showed that alkaline phosphatase(ALKP), glucose and creatinine were significantly negatively correlated to various OHCs (all: po0.05; r: 0.43to 0.55; n=23), while alanine aminotransferase(ALAT), total protein, cholesterol, uric acid, total bilirubin, ratios protein:creatinine and uric acid:creatinine were significantly positively correlated to various OHCs (all: po0.05; r: 0.43- 0.96). Based on these relationships, we suggest that the OHC concentrations found in certain raptor chicks of Northern Scandinavia may impact blood plasma biochemistry in a way that indicates impacts on liver, kidney, bone, endocrinology and metabolism. In orderto elaborate further on these relationships and mechanisms, we recommend that a larger study should take place in the near future.
Forfattere
Helge SjursenSammendrag
Russekål hører til den biologiske gruppen flerårig stedbundet med pålerot. Arten kom til Norge ca. 1800-1810, mest pga. kornimport. Planten har sterk, emmen lukt. Den voksne planten er 50-125 høy, men kan bli 1,5 m. Den har en grov mangehodet pålerot, som kan gå mer enn 1,5 m dypt. Roten er tett besatt med adventivknopper i barklaget. Stengelen er grov, greinet med kjertelhår og stive hår. Bladene, som ved grunnen danner rosett, er opptil 60 cm lange og 10 cm breie, buktfinnete eller bukttannete. Stengelbladene har stor trekantet endelapp, de nedre stilkete, de øvre sittende, alle grovt tannet, og ved basis dypt fliket. Oversiden er glatt eller spredt håret, mørkt grønn, undersiden lysere. De gule blomstene danner lange klaser i enden av stengel og greiner. Formeringen og spredningen skjer hovedsakelig med frø, men rotstumper kan utvikle nye planter etter oppdeling. Forekommer i grasmark, på gårdsplasser, ballastplasser og skrotemark, veikanter og jernbaneskråninger, både på sandjord og leirjord. Opptrer som ugras i eng, beite og på gårdplasser. Planten lager tette bestander som gir liten plass til annen vegetasjon, og er der derfor oppført på Norsk svarteliste. Russekål kan begrenses ved luking av yngre planter, gjentatt slått og/eller ved sprøyting med glyfosat / Roundup.