Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
The primary objective of this research was to make a first evaluation of Hydrolysed Salmon Protein (HSP 15-1-2), a by-product from Norwegian fishing industry, as liquid fertilizer for turfgrass grow-in and maintenance. HSP 15-1-2 was compared, either alone or in combination with Superba Gul 4-4-20, with four other liquid fertilizers / combinations: (1) Calcinit (Ca NO3)2) + Superba Gul 4-4-20; (2) Arena Crystal 19-2-15, (3) Flex 10-0-8 and (4) Plant Marvel 28-8-18 / 15-0-15. The fertilizers were compared in two greenhouse experiments growing Agrostis stolonifera on columns filled with 30 cm USGA-spec. sand above gravel. In expt. 1 the products were compared at two irrigation levels (1 x ET and 2x ET) during turfgrass grow-in; in Expt. 2 as maintenance fertilizer to established turf at weekly rates of 0.05 and 0.1 kg N/100m2. HSP resulted in better turfgrass quality when applied together with Superba Gul than when given as the only fertilizer. Plant Marvel produced the best turfgrass quality in the maintenance experiment.
Forfattere
Ingerd Skow HofgaardSammendrag
The increased occurrence of Fusarium toxins during recent years in Norwegian cereals, especially deoxynivalenol (DON) in spring wheat and DON and T-2/HT-2 toxins in oats (see abstract by Hofgaard et al), is a serious challenge for the cereal industry and farmers. Contamination levels above regulatory or advisory maximum limits have frequently been detected. In Norway, many farmers bring their grain directly to the buyer at harvest, and, in a time and cost perspective, it is not realistic to test all grain lots for mycotoxin content by chemical analysis. In order to reduce the risk of cereal grain lots with unacceptable Fusarium toxin content entering the feed and food chain, a three-step screening strategy has been developed in close cooperation with the cereal industry. 1 Toxin risk (DON, T-2/HT-2) in cereal fields will be predicted by models based on information on climatic conditions and agronomic/cultivation practice. 2 Grain from "high-risk" fields will be analysed for mycotoxins by a rapid "on-site" test method (lateral flow tests) before the grain enters the silo/storage/mill. 3 Samples from lots with toxin levels close to the defined maximum limits (based on analyses in step 2) can be forwarded to chemical analyses for precise decision of the mycotoxin concentrations.
Sammendrag
In Norway, organic apple growers only have sulphur available as a fungicide. When organically grown apples are stored, growers must thus rely entirely on alternative means to reduce the amount of storage decay. It is known that harvest time and calcium content may affect fruit rots in apple. The effect of harvest time on storage decay was assessed during three years. After storage there was a clear increase in fruit decay from the earliest to the latest picking times, both recorded as total decay and for the important storage diseases bitter rot (caused by Colletotrichum acutatum) and lenticell rot (caused by either Phlyctaena vagabunda or Cryptosporiopsis curvispora). In mean of three years apples of cv. Aroma harvested 2 or 1 week prior to normal harvest time, at normal harvest or 1 or 2 weeks afterwards and stored for three months in a ventilated cold store, had 6, 14, 35, 33, and 35% bitter rot, respectively. Similar numbers for lenticell rot (in mean of two years) were 6, 10, 11, 16 and 24%, respectively. Applications of calcium at different times prior to harvest reduced the amount of storage decay in some trials, but not consistently.
Forfattere
Juliana Irina Spies Perminow Arild Sletten Arne Hermansen Inger-Lise Wetlesen Akselsen Eva BorowskiSammendrag
Norwegian onion growers have in recent years complained about bacteria like disease problems of bulb onion, Allium cepa L., both in the field and in storage. In order to find out which bacteria that are involved in theses rotting symptoms, a small survey was carried out on diseased onions from different parts of the country. Biochemical- and pathogenicity tests and fatty acid profiling showed that there was a lot of different bacteria present in the diseased onions. Many of them were ordinary water- and soil residents, which are not known to cause diseases of onion, such as Enterococcus, Salmonella, Cedecea, Stenotrophomonas, Chryseobacteruim and Curtobacterium. But there were also bacteria present which are known to cause diseases of onion in other countries, such as Burkholderia gladioli pv alliicola, Pseudomonas viridiflava, Enterobacter chloacae and Pantoea agglomerans. This is the first report of Burkholderia gladioli pv alliicola in Norway.
Forfattere
Espen Govasmark Anicke Brandt-Kjelsen Joanna Szpunar Katarzyna Bierla Gerd Vegarud Brit SalbuSammendrag
Abstract: Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element to animals and humans as Se is incorporated in a series of organic molecules, such as 30 mammalian selenoproteins or seleno-enzymes, which are vital for the basic functions of life. To increase the Se intake in Se-deficient areas, food and feed can be enriched using Se fertilizers or supplements. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution, speciation, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of Se in Se-enriched wheat (SW) grain and in Se-enriched chicken meat products using commercial enzymes and human gastric juices (HGJs). Results from the present work show that Se in wheat is bioaccessible and bioavailable, and that SW flour or bran can serve as a valuable dietary source of Se to humans. However, the bioaccessibility studies using commercial enzymes and HGJs for wheat flour, bran, and chicken meat digestion suggests that the use of commercial enzymes overestimate Se bioavailability. Furthermore, the use of NaCl or Tris-HCl to extract Se proteins from enriched products was not suited for bioaccessibility studies.The SW flour or bran can, however, serve as a valuable dietary source of Se to humans.
Forfattere
Lars NesheimSammendrag
Biorest er den massen som blir igjen etter at gassene er fjernet i biogassanlegget. Men hvordan utnytter man denne massen på best mulig måte? Biomasse som er avgasset i en biogassreaktor har fått navnet biorest, eller biogjødsel. De fleste biogassanleggene i Norge i dag er etablert på avløpsrenseanlegg, og er opprinnelig utformet for anaerob behandling av avløpsslam. Bioresten fra slike anlegg har samme bruksområder og egenskaper som avløpsslam. Det er kommet i drift noen biogassanlegg for matavfall i Norge. Avvannet biorest fra disse anleggene blir til dels blandet med strukturmateriale og annen kompost, og nyttet i jordblandinger til grøntanlegg. Flytende biorest blir enten sendt til lokalt renseanlegg eller forsøkt infiltrert i grunnen. Størstedelen av næringsstoffene finnes i den flytende delen, og det er denne som har størst interesse som gjødsel. Utnyttelse av flytende biorest som gjødsel, krever imidlertid utbygging av distribusjonssystem og mellomlagerkapasitet. Det finnes få biogassanlegg i Norge basert på husdyrgjødsel, men det kommer trolig flere anlegg i tiden framover. Valg av substrat i tillegg til husdyrgjødsel og lokalisering av anlegg i forhold til råstoffproduksjon og spredeareal er eksempel på faktorer som kan ha betydning for utnyttelsen av næringsstoffene i bioresten, og for hvor stor klimaeffekt en kan oppnå ved biogassproduksjon.
Sammendrag
Chalara fraxinea, causing ash dieback, was detected on common ash (Fraxinus excelcior) in Norway in May 2008, and is currently causing severe dieback of young and old trees in lower regions from south eastern to south western Norway. The Norwegian Food Safety Authorities have issued restrictions concerning movement of ash plants to non affected areas. At the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, a tree trial was recently established with the aim of selecting tree species for landscaping that are suitable for the Norwegian climate. Common ash is represented with two seed sources; Uppsala (Swedish) and Sauherad (Norwegian). In addition, the following ash species and cultivars are represented; green ash (F. pennsylvanica ‘Cimmzam", and F. pennsylvanica ‘Zundert"), narrowleaf ash (F. angustifolia ‘Raywood", syn. F. oxycarpa ‘Raywood"), and flowering ash (F. ornus ‘Mecsek"). By June 2010, they were all suffering from ash dieback except F. ornus ‘Mecsek". Due to severe dieback, F. excelcior ‘Nana" (‘Globosa") was removed from the trial in 2009.
Forfattere
Iben M. Thomsen Venche Talgø Gary A. Chastagner Thomas Cech Kurt Lange Bernhard Perny Kathy Riley Benjamin Louis Andrew Dobson Arne StensvandSammendrag
Current-season needle necrosis (CSNN) has been a serious foliage disorder on true fir Christmas trees and bough material in Europe and North America for more than 25 years. Isolations from symptomatic needles and inoculation tests in Norway clearly indicated that S. polyspora is involved in the development of CSNN. However, copper fungicides used in field trials were not effective. Laboratory tests confirmed that copper-based fungicides were not effective against S. polyspora, but other fungicides prevented spore germination and mycelia growth. The lack of results may be related to a failure of copper rather than an indication that the disease may not be controlled by fungicides. There is still much work to be done to further field test fungicides that showed an effect in the laboratory.
Forfattere
Ommo Hüppop V Dierschke Sverre Kobro J DierschkeSammendrag
The number of Bullfinches recorded on the offshore island of Helgoland (SE North Sea) in the autumn migration periods (late September to late December) from 1972 to 2009 are negatively correlated to the supply of rowanberries in Norway. Many Bullfinches only occurred, when this important winter food was scarce in Norway. As such correlation was found also for trapping sites at the Baltic Sea (Christiansø, Falsterbo), irruptively migratory behaviour of Scandinavian Bullfinches appears to act on a large geographical scale. This is underlined by the results of a linear model, showing that the occurrence of Bullfinches at Helgoland is best explained by trapping numbers in Falsterbo and their interaction with rowanberriy supply in Norway. Actually, not all invasions recorded at Falsterbo reach Helgoland, probably due to its situation far offshore: migrating passerines do not cross the German Bight in any weather situation, but instead often follow the coastline without touching Helgoland. It is stressed that data collected unsystematically are appropriate for analyses of invasions.
Forfattere
Hsin-Ho Huang Daniel Camsund Peter Lindblad Thorsten HeidornSammendrag
Cyanobacteria are suitable for sustainable, solar-powered biotechnological applications. Synthetic biology connects biology with computational design and an engineering perspective, but requires efficient tools and information about the function of biological parts and systems. To enable the development of cyanobacterial Synthetic Biology, several molecular tools were developed and characterized: (i) a broad-host-range BioBrick shuttle vector, pPMQAK1, was constructed and confirmed to replicate in Escherichia coli and three different cyanobacterial strains. (ii) The fluorescent proteins Cerulean, GFPmut3B and EYFP have been demonstrated to work as reporter proteins in cyanobacteria, in spite of the strong background of photosynthetic pigments. (iii) Several promoters, like P(rnpB) and variants of P(rbcL), and a version of the promoter P(trc) with two operators for enhanced repression, were developed and characterized in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. (iv) It was shown that a system for targeted protein degradation, which is needed to enable dynamic expression studies, is working in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. The pPMQAK1 shuttle vector allows the use of the growing numbers of BioBrick parts in many prokaryotes, and the other tools herein implemented facilitate the development of new parts and systems in cyanobacteria.