Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
Sammendrag
Inntill nylig har det vært liten oppmerksomhet om dyrket myr som kilde til CO2-utslipp og ingen systematisk kartlegging av C-tapet har blit foretatt. Beregneringer ved hjelp av tre forskjellige metoden tyder på at tapet kan være mellom 0,6 og 0,8 kg C m2/år, 2 - 4 million er tonn CO2/år, som er mellom 5 og 10 prosent av totalt menneskeskapt CO2-utslipp i Norge.
Sammendrag
During 2005 and 2006, 12 different fertilizer/biostimulant products or product families were evaluated on a new USGA green, a new sand-based football field, and/or a two to three year old USGA green at Bioforsk"s research units Landvik, Særheim and Apelsvoll in Southern Norway. Within each trial, all treatments were adjusted to the same total nitrogen rate per year (3.0/2.8, 2.5/1.7, and 1.75/1.75 kg N/100 m2 on the football field, new and established golf green in 2005/2006, respectively). Inputs of other nutrients varied among treatments. Application intervals varied among treatments in 2005, but most products were applied at biweekly intervals in 2006. Mineral fertilizers Arena® (small granules) and Fullgjødsel® were included as control treatments on golf greens and the football field, respectively. The mostly animal-based organic product families Suståne resulted in faster grow-in of the creeping bentgrass green at Landvik, while the products familiy ProGreen and ProGreen plus Activo had a similar effect on the football field established on straight sand at Særheim. When used as the only fertilizer source, neither these product families nor the animal-based product family Bio Kombi showed any advantage for maintenance of established turf The only product family resulting in a general improvement in turfgrass quality over the whole experimental period was Gro-Power®. This product family is based on humus, with all of its nitrogen in an easily available form. Unlike most other organic product families, it was tested in combination with mineral fertilizer Arena® as used in the control treatment. When used as the only fertilizer source, the seaweed product Golf Algin resulted in slower grow-in and more diseases in autumn than the control treatment. Used as maintenance fertilizer during summer, the visual ratings of Golf Algin plots were equal to or higher than the visual ratings of control plots. The liquid organic fertilizer Flex" resulted in slow establishment at Landvik and Særheim. In summer, the visual ratings of Flex" plots at these locations were mostly on level with or higher than control plots, but in autumn, the turf at Landvik became very light green, perhaps due to leaching losses. Like Golf Algin, Flex" seems to be a good maintenance fertilizer for the summer period. The seaweed product Maxicrop" had no effect on turf quality at Landvik. The biostimulant GoGreen improved turfgrass colour in autumn, but had no effect on winter diseases after almost five months of snow cover at Apelsvoll. By contrast, replacement of some of the Arena® fertilizer with ammoniumsulfate resulted in significantly better winter survival, root development and overall turfgrass quality in the same experiment. In conclusion, we recommend that fertilization of sand-based golf greens and football fields are primarily based on light and frequent applications of mineral fertilizer throughout the growing season. Organic fertilizers and biostimulants can never replace mineral fertilizer, but they are important supplements that warrant further research for optimal use.
Sammendrag
Six cropping systems, ranging from conventional arable without livestock to organic livestock farming with few arable crops, have been compared since 1989 on a loam soil. Soil structure indicators measured initially included organic matter levels, pore size distribution and air permeability. These parameters were re-measured after 15 years, when the size distribution and stability of aggregates was also measured. A decline in soil structure quality was found in the system with conventional autumn ploughing with no rotational grass. This system had higher bulk density and mean aggregate size than other systems, and lower levels of plant available water and aggregate stability. Opposite trends were related to the proportion of grass leys in the other systems and to their levels of soil organic matter. The latter declined markedly over 15 years in the conventional arable system, and there were smaller declines in most other systems. In an arable system without ploughing, organic matter was maintained and high structural stability was found. This system had high bulk density, but the proportion of small aggregates equalled that found in the systems with ley. Satisfactory soil structure was maintained in systems with 50% leys in the rotation, in agreement with Norwegian long-term studies of the effect of crop rotation type on soil organic matter. Though the deterioration of soil structure in the all-arable system was not extreme, as the soil had good structure initially, the results have serious implications for the sustainability of stockless arable systems on soils with a less favourable starting point.
Forfattere
Hugh RileySammendrag
Alternative tillage systems that avoid autumn ploughing are being used in Norway, primarily to reduce nutrient transport to waterways, but also to maintain soil quality and reduce costs. Yield results are presented for six long-term trials, four on loam soil and two on heavy clay. Straw residues have been retained in all cases, and weed problems have been avoided by frequent spraying. The trials have shown considerable variation between years in yield responses to tillage, probably as a result of weather variations, but no long-term trends have been observed. The trials have shown that average yields without ploughing but with autumn harrowing are usually at least 95% of those obtained with ploughing. With spring harrowing only, the long-term yield is likely to be in the region of 90-95%, whilst direct drilling may give somewhat greater yield reductions.
Forfattere
Arne GrønlundSammendrag
Steinmel bare unntaksvis egnet som gjødsel og har størst verdi i jordblanding som vekstjord.
Forfattere
Per Jarle MøllerhagenSammendrag
En oversikt over potetproduksjonene i Norge. Statistikk ang arealer, kvantum, avlinger, antall produsenter og kvaliteten på potetene.
Forfattere
Hugh RileySammendrag
Changes in soil organic matter (SOM) content are presented for a 25 ha research farm, based on measurements in 1952, 1976, 1986 and 2002, and for 291 arable fields located throughout southeast Norway, which were sampled in around 1991 and again in 2001. Large declines were found in most cases at the research farm, especially for soils with high initial levels of SOM. The declines between 1952 and 1976 were thought to be partly due to increased depth of ploughing and improved drainage, whilst those in the latter period may in part be related to climatic change. Declines were also found since 1990 in the majority of the arable fields sampled, and the declines were proportional to the initial SOM level in this case also. No single causative factor was isolated for these declines, but the proportions of autumn tillage and of row crops in the rotation may be involved. A mean relative decline rate of around 1% per year of the initial SOM level was observed both at the research farm and in the arable fields. There was, however, also an indication that the percentage relative decline rate was proportional to one tenth of the initial SOM. These two alternative scenarios suggest that soils with current SOM levels of 4%, 6% and 10%, will reach a possibly `critical" level of 3% in 30-80, 70-165 and 120-230 years time, respectively.
Forfattere
Anne Kari Bergjord Ellen Kristine Olberg Per Jarle MøllerhagenSammendrag
Her gis en kort oversikt over vekstsesongen 2005 med hensyn på potetdyrking i ulike landsdeler. Litt om kvaliteten på 2005 avlingene er også beskrevet
Forfattere
Tor Einar Rogne Jørgen Todnem Tor LunnanSammendrag
Det er utført gjødslingsforsøk på fem stølsvollar i Sør-Norge (720-1040 m.o.h.). To haustesystem, ei eller to haustingar vart prøvd saman med fem gjødslingar: Ugjødsla, 1,5 kg fosfor (P= + 10 kg kalium (K) og P + K med tillegg av 5, 10 eller 15 kg nitrogen (N)/daa. Felta er hausta i fire år. I tillegg til avling og fôrkvalitet er førekomsten av karplanter registrert kvart år. Artstalet pr. rute (0,4 m2 registrert) varierte frå 9 til 18 planteslag på ugjødsla ruter mellom felta. Det var statistisk sikker nedgang i artstal med stigande gjødsling på dei to mest artsrike felta. Konkurransesvake artar gjekk ut, og på eitt av felta vart finnskjegg konkurrert ut av engkvein. Gjødslinga auka avlinga med frå i middel 180 kg tørrstoff på ugjødsla ruter til 470 kg ved den sterkaste N-gjødslinga. Proteininnhaldet og askeinnhaldet auka med stigande gjødsling. Det var små utslag av hausteintensitet på botanisk samansetjing og avling, men fôrkvaliteten var best ved to haustingar.
Forfattere
Ingrid Jensvoll Alexei BambulyakSammendrag
Utsikter for økt oljetransport fra Russland langs kysten av Norge, og faktorer som kan bedre oljevernberedskapen.