Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
Sammendrag
The semi-natural salt marshes in Norway have probably been used as pastures for cattle, horses and sheep, as long as there have been domestic animals in Norway. Due to regular flooding, the salt marshes are nutrient rich and high production is maintained without fertilizing. Today, the biodiversity of the salt marshes is threatened due to land drainage, cultivation, development, and pollution, or due to cessation of grazing and overgrowth. The results of this study clearly show that the semi-natural vegetation types found in 1974 and in 1985, and the wading bird population found in 1975/1976, are drastically reduced due to cessation of grazing. To re-establish and maintain some of the salt marshes and the biodiversity, restoration and management is necessary.
Forfattere
Kim Johansen Marianne TomtumSammendrag
I overvåkingsprogrammet for rester av plantevernmidler i vegetabilske næringsmidler er det tatt ut og analysert totalt 547 prøver i andre tertial 2006. Det er analysert 467 rutineprøver av frisk frukt/bær, grønnsaker, krydderurter og poteter, 19 prøver av barnemat, 40 prøver av matkorn, 20 prøver for kartlegging av vegetabilske matvarer fra Asia og èn prøver av appelsinjuice (EU koordinert program). Det har i perioden vært to tilfeller av funn i økologiske produkter, henholdsvis sitron fra Spania og epler fra Argentina. I eplene fra Argentina ble det funnet så mye av skadedyrmiddelet dimetoat at det ble vurdert til å kunne representere helserisiko. Verdiene overskred i tillegg gjeldende grenseverdi for konvensjonelt dyrkete epler. I tillegg er det i én prøve av bønner med belg fra Thailand påvist samme middel (dimetoat) i mengder som har blitt vurdert til å kunne representerer helserisiko. Resultatene fra overvåkingsprogrammet viser for øvrig at 62,3 % av de undersøkte stikkprøvene av vanlig frisk frukt, bær, grønnsaker og poteter er uten påvisbare rester av plantevernmidler. I 18 varepartier er det påvist rester over gjeldende grenseverdi. For matkorn er 62,5 % uten påvisbare plantevernmiddelrester. I ett parti norsk rug av sorten Picasso er det påvist rester over gjeldende grenseverdi av stråforkortningsmiddelet klormekvat. I kartleggings¬prosjektet "Vegetabilske produkter fra Asia" er kun 15 % av de 20 prøvene uten rester av plantevernmidler, mens 50 % av prøvene inneholder rester over gjeldende grenseverdi.
Forfattere
Inger HansenSammendrag
Årsakene til lammetap på utmarksbeite ble sommeren 2006 kartlagt i fem besetninger på østre Malangshalvøya ved bruk av mortalitetssendere ("dødsvarslere"). I alt 243 av 1206 lam som ble sluppet på beite omkom (20,1 %). Totalt ble 28 lammekadaver funnet, hvorav 18 var radiomerket. Av de 28 gjenfunnede lammene ble tre dokumentert eller antatt tatt av jerv (11 %), sju (25 %) døde av sjukdom, fem (18 %) omkom i ulykker, mens 13 (46 %) hadde ukjent dødsårsak.
Konferansebidrag og faglig presentasjon – Velferd hos kalver i kaldfjøs
Inger Hansen, Erik Jørgensen
Sammendrag
Målet med prosjektet "Velferd hos kalver i kaldfjøs" var på grunnlag av atferd, tilvekst -og helseregistreringer å evaluere velferden hos unge kalver oppstallet i uisolerte fjøs gjennom vinterhalvåret. Studien var et delprosjekt under pilotprosjektet "Landbruksbygg i Arktis". Konklusjoner: - Adferdsendringerene som ble påvist var en normal tilpasning til lave temperaturer, uten at dette i seg selv gikk ut over dyrevelferden. - Det er nødvendig å tilby spedkalver i uisolerte fjøs en delvis isolert liggeavdeling.Til litt eldre kalver bør det benyttes liggeunderlag med lav varmeledningsevne. - Et godt kalvestell basert på gode rutiner for råmjølksfôring og et tørt, reont og trekkfritt miljø er ekstra viktig i kaldfjøs for å sikre god kuldetoleranse og god dyrevelferd.
Forfattere
Liv Guri VelleSammendrag
Kronikk i Nationen om gjengroing av kystlyngheiane. Kronikken oppfordrar til fokus på skjøtsel og bruk, politisk vilje, ressursar og heilskapleg tenking, dersom ein skal klare å ta vare på verdiane i dei opne lyngheiane.
Forfattere
Liv Guri VelleSammendrag
Artikkel om kystlyngheiane og gjengroing. Artikkelen tek opp at over 80 % av det opphavlege kystlyngheiarealet har forsvunne, og at ein del av kulturarven vår gror att.
Forfattere
Tor Håkon Sivertsen Janis GailisSammendrag
A web-base system for administrating data from a network of agro meteorological stations is presented, especially the module containing the documentation of the instruments. The quality concept of meteorological data is presented. The system development practice is recently changing from a traditional in-house and vendor controlled system to the global software development in a highly distributed and heterogeneous environments. This can be highly challenging for system development practices related to specific domain activities like collection, control and correction of meteorological and biological data, since the number of involved actor-networks can become large and the interactions between actor-networks then tends to be complex. To utilize the meteorological and biological data in scientific models that has practical implications for the users, and to make the data accessible and representative in different contexts, a large set of actor-networks has to be considered. To illustrate the variety of interactions between actor-networks in the process of the development of a web-based system, the actor-network theory , ANT, (Law, 1992; Latour, 2005; Latour and Woolgar, 1986) is shortly introduced. The actor-network dealing with collection, administration, control, correction and presentation of values of both measured ( by sensors) and derived parameters, is described in a detailed manner. Also the role of the formal and informal specifications is discussed ( Frias et al., 2005) for the actor-networks involved in the process of development. A heterogeneous engineering approach is suggested for the further development of the web-based system, especially the control and correction of the meteorological and biological data. Some features of another system for documentation of instruments, called `Sensor Model Language" is didcussed and commented. We ask, if using ANT to describe the social patterns uncovered during the system development process, can this increase the usability and dynamical features for various actor-networks involved? References: Latour, B., & Woolgar, S.,(1986), Laboratory Life : The construction of scientific facts; Princeton; Princetn university Press. Fries, A. F., Lopez Pombo, C.G., Baum, G.A., Aguirre, N.M., & Maibaum, T.S.E., (2005), Reasoning about static and dynamic properties in alloy: A purely relational approach, ACM Transactions on software engineering and methology, Vol. 14., No 4, October 2005, p. 478-526 Law, J., (1992), Notes on the theory of the actor-network: Ordering, strategy, and heterogeneity, systemiv practice and action research,Springer Netherlands, ISSN: 1094-429x ( Paper) 1573-9295 ( online), D01: 10.1007/BF01059830, Issue: Volume 5, Number 4, August 1992, p. 379-393 Latour, B., (2005), Reassembling the social: An introduction to Actor-network theory; Oxford; Oxford University Press Sivertsen, T.H., 2005, Implementation of a General Documentation System for web-based administration and use of historical series of meteorological and biological data, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Special Issue: Agrometeorology 2003, Vol 30/1-3 pp 217-222 Sivertsen, T.H., 2005, Discussing scientific methods and the quality of meteorological data, in `Use and Availability of Meteorological Information from Different Sources as Input in Agrometeorological Models", COST ACTIONS 718 `Meteorological Applications for Agriculture", Edited by G. Maracchi, A. Mestre, L. Toulios and B. Gozzini. Sivertsen, T.H, 2005, ", Reflections on the Theme of Classifying, Documenting and Exchanging Meteorological Data", Atmospheric Science Letters, Vol.6 , Issue 3, p 171-175, John Wiley & Son
Forfattere
Tor Håkon SivertsenSammendrag
Elements of the physical background of the phenomenon of internal gravity waves in the atmosphere are discussed , and the classical two-dimensional description of stationary waves is presented. Then the classical linearized system of equations is presented and discussed. The equation of wave energy of stationary waves of Eliassen & Palm (1961) is presented, as well as their statement of the conservation of the vertical flux of wave energy in a large class of systems. The special situation of a vertical layered atmospheric system with a discontinuity ( in the vertical direction) in the temperature of the air, the density of the air or the main stream) is considered. It is shown that the boundary conditions used by Eliassen & Palm (1961) sometimes violate their statement of conservation of the vertical flux of wave energy. References: Eliassen, A., & Palm, E., (1961), On the transfer of energy in stationary mountain waves, Geofysiske Publikasjoner, Oslo Sivertsen, T., (1976), On the transfer of energy in stationary mountain waves in an atmosphere with didcontinous parameters, Meteorologiske annaler Vol. 7 No. 3, Det Norske Meteorologiske Institutt Sivertsen T.H., 2005, Discussing the scientific method and a documentation systems of meteorological and biological parameters, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Special Issue: Agrometeorology 2003, Vol 30/1-3 pp 35-43
Forfattere
Tor Håkon SivertsenSammendrag
The concept of classification of meteorological and agro meteorological / biological phenomena is defined as merely giving names to observed phenomena. Examples of certain phenomena are shortly presented, and then a rather unusual statement connected to the concept of classification is presented: Any physical and biological phenomenon contains a totality that includes time, space and consciousness. The concept of parameterization is used in the following manner: We connect measurable / quantitative entities to each phenomenon. The concept of parameter is then discussed as well as the ideas of constructing models containing the macro physics of the air or the micro-physics of the air. A few ideas connected to statistical mechanics are mentioned. And some of the ideas of the `physical laws" used in meteorology are discussed. References: Sivertsen T.H., 2005, Discussing the scientific method and a documentation systems of meteorological and biological parameters, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Special Issue: Agrometeorology 2003, Vol 30/1-3 pp 35-43 Sivertsen, T.H., 2005, Implementation of a General Documentation System for web-based administration and use of historical series of meteorological and biological data, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Special Issue: Agrometeorology 2003, Vol 30/1-3 pp 217-222 Sivertsen, T.H., 2005, Discussing scientific methods and the quality of meteorological data, in `Use and Availability of Meteorological Information from Different Sources as Input in Agrometeorological Models", COST ACTIONS 718 `Meteorological Applications for Agriculture", Edited by G. Maracchi, A. Mestre, L. Toulios and B. Gozzini. Sivertsen, T.H, 2005, ", Reflections on the Theme of Classifying, Documenting and Exchanging Meteorological Data", Atmospheric Science Letters, Vol.6 , Issue 3, p 171-175, John Wiley & Son
Forfattere
Tor Håkon SivertsenSammendrag
An interpretation of the scientific principle is presented and shortly discussed, containing the concepts of classification of physical phenomena, parameterization, `physical laws", construction of hypotheses and testing. Then the concept of continuity of the real number system ispresented. The Navier-Stokes equations , the equation of continuity, and the energy equations are interpreted , looking at the concepts of molecular diffusion and convective flow, and the physical content of the `physical laws" of conservation of mass, conservation of momentum and conservation of energy. The construction of the Reynolds equation is discussed by looking at the parameterization in time and space of fluid flow of different temporal and spatial scale. Turbulence is then interpreted as phenomena of fluid dynamics on a smaller scale than the scale of the system for making measurements in each operational situation. The discussion is completed by looking once more at the content of the `physical laws" of of conservation of mass, conservation of momentum and conservation of energy. References: Tennekes, H., & Lumley, J.J., (1972). A first course of turbulence. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusets, and London, England. Yaglom, A.M., & Monin, A.S., (1987), statistical Fluid Mechanics, The MIT Press, , Cambridge, Massachusets, and London, England. Siveertsen, T.H.,(2004) Invitation to Conceptual Discussions Concerning the Scope of the Scientific Method and Classification of Meteorological Phenomena and Meteorological Parameters, P 185-190, Selected Papers of the International Conference `Fluxes and Structures in Fluids", St. Petersburg, Russia, June 23-26, 2003, Moscow, IPM RAS, 2004 Sivertsen, T.H.,(2004), Discussing the Concept of Continuity of Continuum Mechanics, P 190-193, Selected Papers of the International Conference `Fluxes and Structures in Fluids", St. Petersburg, Russia, June 23-26, 2003, Moscow, IPM RAS, 2004 Sivertsen, T.H., (2004), Discussing the Concept of Turbulence and a Proposal of a Classification System of Fluid Dynamical Parameters, P 193-196, Selected Papers of the International Conference `Fluxes and Structures in Fluids", St. Petersburg, Russia, June 23-26, 2003, Moscow, IPM RAS, 2004 Sivertsen T.H., 2005, Discussing the scientific method and a documentation systems of meteorological and biological parameters, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Special Issue: Agrometeorology 2003, Vol 30/1-3 pp 35-43 Sivertsen, T.H, 2005, ", Reflections on the Theme of Classifying, Documenting and Exchanging Meteorological Data", Atmospheric Science Letters, Vol.6 , Issue 3, p 171-175, John Wiley & Sons